Y
Pedwarau – Summit Relocations
Y Pedwarau are the Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m
in height that have a minimum drop of 30m.
Accompanying the main P30 list are five sub lists; these are the 500m Sub-Pedwar, 500m Double Sub-Pedwar, 400m Sub-Pedwar, 390m Sub-Pedwar and 390m Double Sub-Pedwar category’s, with
their criteria detailed in the respective Change Registers that have been
created and which are linked in their above titles, with the Introduction to
this list being published on Mapping Mountains on the 30th January
2017.
The list is co-authored by
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the posts that have appeared on Mapping
Mountains detailing the summit relocations to the main P30 list and the sub
lists appear below presented chronologically in receding order.
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Banc y Gorlan (SH 922 037) and Cerrig y Tân (SH 917 039) - 35th summit relocation
Banc y Gorlan (SH 922 037) and Cerrig y Tân (SH 917 039) - 35th summit relocation
There has been a Twin Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales and the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail on historic and contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data.
This was initiated by Joe Nuttall who produced a summit analysis programme that used LIDAR with an alternative height map (DEM) allowing identification of summits and bylchau and thereby drops. The resulting spreadsheet that Joe produced contains over 29,600 hills.
This spreadsheet is being evaluated by a number of people, including Ronnie Bowron, who passed the details of this hill to us.
The criteria for the lists this summit relocation affects are:
Y Trichant- The 300m Hills of Wales – Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Sub-Trichant with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips, with the Introduction to the list and the renaming of it appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 13th May 2017.
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| Y Trichant - The 300m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips |
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are five categories of sub hills, with this hill listed in the 390m Double Sub-Pedwar category. The criteria for 390m Double Sub-Pedwar status being all Welsh hills at or above 390m and below 400m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
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| Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams |
The prioritised name the hill is listed by is Banc y Gorlan with the new twin summit listed as Cerrig y Tân, and it is adjoined to the Carnedd Wen group of hills which are situated in the southern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A4), and it is positioned with minor roads to its west and east, and the A470 road to its south, and has the village of Llanbrynmair towards the south-west.
When the original 300m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website this hill was included in the Hills to be surveyed sub list that accompanied the main P30 list, and listed as Banc y Gorlan with a 396m summit height based on the spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
When the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau was published by Europeaklist in May 2013 and the 390m sub categories included, this hill was listed with the same details as above; with a c 29m estimated drop value also given to the hill. However, it was noted that to the north-west of this summit another 390m contour was shown on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, this had no spot height and the summit was named Cerrig y Tân.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps |
The details for this hill have been re- assessed due to Joe Nuttall’s summit analysis and Ronnie Bowron’s evaluation, with examination of the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps and mapping available on the WalkLakes website, resulting in the summit of Cerrig y Tân being listed with the same height as Banc y Gorlan. Although not an individual summit relocation it is still worth documenting under this heading.
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| Extract from the WalkLakes website |
The above detail comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies when the hill’s high point is in a different field, or where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.
Therefore, the listed summit height of this hill remains at 396m and for now the prioritised summit remains Banc y Gorlan positioned at SH 92237 03720, with the new twin summit of Cerrig y Tân positioned at SH 91785 03936. The summit of Cerrig y Tân is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps but has a 396m spot height on the WalkLakes map and a 1300ft height on the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Carnedd Wen
Name: Banc y Gorlan
OS 1:50,000 map: 136
Summit Height: 396m (spot height)
Summit Grid Reference: SH 92237 03720 (spot height)
Name: Cerrig y Tân
OS 1:50,000 map: 136
Summit Height: 396m (spot height)
Summit Grid Reference (New Twin Summit): SH 91785 03936 (spot height)
Bwlch Height: c 368m (interpolation)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SH 91788 04224 (interpolation)
Drop: c 28m (spot height summit and interpolated bwlch)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Mynydd Pen y Fan (SO 191 021) - 34th summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| LIDAR image of Mynydd Pen y Fan (SO 191 021) |
The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, the list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The name the hill is listed by is Mynydd Pen y Fan and it is adjoined to the Cymoedd Gwent group of hills, which are situated in the eastern part of South Wales (Region C, Sub-Region C2), and it is positioned with the A4046 road to its north-east, the A4048 road to its west and the A467 road towards the south-east, and has the town of Coed Duon (Blackwood) towards the south.
When the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau was published by Europeaklist in May 2013, this hill was listed with 56m of drop based on the 409m summit spot height adjoined to a 409.248m flush bracketed triangulation pillar which is positioned at SO 19201 02093 and a 353m bwlch height.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
When the Y Pedwarau- The 400m Hills of Wales list was published on Mapping Mountains the summit position for this hill was given as the ten figure grid reference in the OS Trig Database adjoined to the flush bracket; SO 19201 02093.
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
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| LIDAR summit image of Mynydd Pen y Fan |
The summit height and position produced by LIDAR analysis is 407.2m at SO 19197 02179, and this position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
The 407.2m summit height produced by LIDAR analysis for this hill is at odds with the 409.248m flush bracket height as the triangulation pillar is not positioned on a plinth, and if this height is accurate natural ground at its base would be approximately 408.9m in height. The discrepancy is due to either a flush bracket height typo or subsidence due to the summit area being in the vicinity of old mine workings.
Therefore, the new summit height for this hill is 407.2m and is positioned at SO 19197 02179, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps and is approximately 90 metres northward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Cymoedd Gwent
Name: Mynydd Pen y Fan
OS 1:50,000 map: 171
Summit Height: 407.2m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (new position): SO 19197 02179 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 352.3m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SO 18568 03172 (LIDAR)
Drop: 54.9m (LIDAR)
Aled Williams and Myrddyn Phillips (April 2020)
Garth Fawr (SO 082 059) - 33rd summit relocation
Hill Reclassifications post for Garth Fawr
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height and its position derived from Ordnance Survey Open Data hosted as an interactive map on the WalkLakes website.
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| Garth Fawr (SO 082 059). Photo: Rob Woodall |
The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, the list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The name the hill is listed by is Garth Fawr and it is a relatively recent man-made construction and is the result of waste spoil from the Ffos-y-fran opencast mine that is now considered solid and stable. Therefore, it does not possess any separate ring contours for the area of its summit on either the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger or the 1:25,000 Explorer map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Garth Fawr is adjoined to the Cymoedd Gwent group of hills, which are situated in the eastern part of South Wales (Region C, Sub-Region C2), and it is positioned with the A4060 road to its west and the A469 road to its east, and has the town of Merthyr Tudful towards the north-west.
When this hill was included in the list of Y Pedwarau- The 400m Hills of Wales published on Mapping Mountains, the summit position was given as the following ten figure grid reference of SO 08597 05972, based on interpolation of one of three uppermost 410m ring contours that used to appear on the OS Maps website.
Another resource now available online is the WalkLakes website which hosts an interactive map originated from the Ordnance Survey Open Data programme. This map has many spot heights not on other publicly available maps and shows a 410m spot height on the summit area of this hill.
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| Extract from the WalkLakes website |
The position of the 410m spot height comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
Therefore, the new summit height for this hill is 410m and is positioned at SO 08260 05940 and appears as a spot height on the interactive map hosted on the WalkLakes website which is produced from the Ordnance Survey Open Data programme, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps and is approximately 350 metres westward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Cymoedd Gwent
Name: Garth Fawr
OS 1:50,000 map: 160
Summit Height: 410m (spot height)
Summit Grid Reference (new position): SO 08260 05940 (spot height)
Bwlch Height: c 375m (interpolation)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SO 08676 06119 (interpolation)
Drop: c 35m (spot height summit and interpolated bwlch)
Aled Williams and Myrddyn Phillips (April 2020)
Twyn Croes Gwallter (SN 949 145) - 32nd summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| LIDAR image of Twyn Croes Gwallter (SN 949 145) |
The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are five categories of sub hills, with this hill listed in the 400m Sub-Pedwar category. The criteria for 400m Sub-Pedwar status being all Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The name the hill is listed by is Twyn Croes Gwallter and it is adjoined to the Fforest Fawr group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region C, Sub-Region C2), and it is positioned with the A470 road to its north north-east and the A4059 road to its south-east, and has the town of Merthyr Tudful towards the south-east.
When the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau was published by Europeaklist in May 2013 this hill was listed with c 22m of drop based on the 458m summit height that appears as a spot height positioned at SN 946 144 on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated bwlch height of c 436m based on interpolation of 10m contouring between 430m – 440m.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
When the Y Pedwarau- The 400m Hills of Wales list was published on Mapping Mountains the summit position for this hill was given as a ten figure grid reference of SN 94626 14403, based on the position of the spot height.
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
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| LIDAR summit image of Twyn Croes Gwallter |
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 456.6m at SN 94995 14573, and this position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis for this hill is 456.6m and is positioned at SN 94995 14573, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps and is approximately 370 metres eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Fforest Fawr
Name: Twyn Croes Gwallter
OS 1:50,000 map: 160
Summit Height: 456.6m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (new position): SN 94995 14573 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 434.5m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 95917 15369 (LIDAR)
Drop: 22.1m (LIDAR)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Pen Moelallt (SO 003 094) - 31st summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| LIDAR image of Pen Moelallt (SO 003 094) |
The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, the list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The name the hill is listed by is Pen Moelallt and it is adjoined to the Fforest Fawr group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region C, Sub-Region C2), and it is positioned with the A4059 road to its north-west, the A465 road to its south and the A470 road to its north-east, and has the town of Merthyr Tudful towards the south-east.
When the original 400m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was included in the main P30 list with a summit height of c 420m positioned at SO 002 096, with an accompanying note stating; Seven points of same height. This note refers to the seven 420m ring contours on the summit area of this hill.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
When the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau was published by Europeaklist in May 2013 this hill was listed with c 65m of drop based on an estimated c 423m summit height and a 358m bwlch height, with the latter taken from the spot height on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which is entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, with the summit grid reference given as SO 001 096 which is a centred position in the largest of the 420m ring contours on the summit area of this hill.
When the Y Pedwarau- The 400m Hills of Wales list was published on Mapping Mountains the summit position for this hill was given as SO 00274 09673, with this taken from the hand-held GPS submissions to DoBIH.
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
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| LIDAR summit image of Pen Moelallt |
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 424.5m at SO 00387 09483, and this position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis for this hill is 424.5m and is positioned at SO 00387 09483, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps and is approximately 200 metres south-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Fforest Fawr
Name: Pen Moelallt
OS 1:50,000 map: 160
Summit Height: 424.5m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (new position): SO 00387 09483 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 357.8m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SO 00560 07323 (LIDAR)
Drop: 66.7m (LIDAR)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Gwryd (SN 935 401) - 30th summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| LIDAR image of Gwryd (SN 935 401) |
The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are five categories of sub hills, with this hill listed in the 400m Sub-Pedwar category. The criteria for 400m Sub-Pedwar status being all Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The name the hill is listed by is Gwryd and it is adjoined to the Mynydd Epynt group of hills, which are situated in the south-eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and it is positioned with the A483 road to its north-west, the A40 road to its south and the B4520 road to its east, and has the small community of Capel Uchaf (Upper Chapel) towards the east.
When the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau was published by Europeaklist in May 2013 this hill was included in the 400m Sub-Pedwar category with 21m of drop based on the 453m summit height that appears as a spot height on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and which is positioned at SN 93385 39742, and a 432m bwlch height that appears as a spot height on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25.000 Explorer map |
The details for this hill were re-assessed when the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which is entitled the Interactive Coverage Map became available online. This mapping had many spot heights not on other publicly available Ordnance Survey maps and showed a 456m summit spot height for this hill positioned at SN 93588 40206. This spot height is also shown on Ordnance Survey data that appears on the Magic Maps website.
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| Extract from the Magic Maps website |
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
The LIDAR result for the 453m and 456m map heighted positions are given below:
453.6m at SN 93431 39769
456.2m at SN 93577 40195
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 456.2m at SN 93577 40195, and this position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
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| LIDAR image of the 456.2m summit positioned at SN 93577 40195 |
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| LIDAR image of the 453.6m southerly top positioned at SN 93431 39769 |
Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis for this hill is 456.2m and is positioned at SN 93577 40195, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps but matches the approximate position of the 456m spot height that now appears on the Magic Maps website, and is approximately 500 metres north north-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Epynt
Name: Gwryd
OS 1:50,000 map: 160
Summit Height: 456.2m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (new position): SN 93577 40195 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 433.1m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 93841 41671 (LIDAR)
Drop: 23.1m (LIDAR)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Esgair Fraith (SN 650 483) - 29th summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| LIDAR image of Esgair Fraith (SN 650 483) |
The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are five categories of sub hills, with this hill listed in the 400m Sub-Pedwar category. The criteria for 400m Sub-Pedwar status being all Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The name the hill is listed by is Esgair Fraith and it is adjoined to the Elenydd group of hills, which are situated in the northern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and it is encircled by minor roads with the Afon Teifi and the B4343 to its west and the A482 road to its south, and has the town of Llanbedr Pont Steffan (Lampeter) towards the west.
When the original 400m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was included in the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list with a summit height of 415m based on the spot height positioned at SN 64814 48226 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
When the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau was published by Europeaklist in May 2013 the hill appeared under the details given above using the six figure grid reference of SN 648 482. With the ten figure grid reference based on the position of the 415m spot height used when the Y Pedwarau- The 400m Hills of Wales list was published on Mapping Mountains.
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
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| LIDAR summit image for Esgair Fraith |
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 416.2m at SN 65077 48399, and this position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
The height and position ascertained from LIDAR analysis is similar to data on the WalkLakes website which hosts an interactive Ordnance Survey map originated from the Ordnance Survey Open Data programme. This map has many spot heights not on other publicly available Ordnance Survey maps and gives a 416m spot height for the summit of this hill positioned at SN 65079 48401.
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| Extract from the WalkLakes website |
Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis for this hill is 416.2m and is positioned at SN 65077 48399, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps and is approximately 270 metres north-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Elenydd
Name: Esgair Fraith
OS 1:50,000 map: 146
Summit Height: 416.2m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (new position): SN 65077 48399 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 386.5m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 65522 48403 (LIDAR)
Drop: 29.7m (LIDAR)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (March 2020)
Cerrig Llwydion (SN 909 731) - 28th summit relocation
Hill Reclassifications post for Cerrig Llwydion
There has been confirmation of a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, 500m Twmpau and The Welsh Highlands – Uchafion Cymru, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| LIDAR image of Cerrig Llwydion (SN 909 731) |
The criteria for the three listings that this summit relocation applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are five categories of sub hills, with this hill now included in the 500m Sub-Pedwar category. The criteria for 500m Sub-Pedwar status being all Welsh hills at or above 500m and below 510m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
500m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 500m and below 600m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub category entitled the 500m Sub-Twmpau consisting of all Welsh hills at or above 500m and below 600m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. With the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The Welsh Highlands – Uchafion Cymru – This is the revised draft title for the Welsh 500m P15s list that takes in all hills in Wales at or above 500m in height with 15m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams with the Introduction to the list being published on Mapping Mountains in November 2015 and an update relating to the list appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 19th June 2019.
The name the hill is listed by is Cerrig Llwydion and it is adjoined to the Elenydd group of hills, which are situated in the northern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and it is positioned with the Afon Gwy (River Wye) and the A470 road to its north-east, and has the village of Llangurig towards the north.
When the listing that is now named the 500m Twmpau was first compiled the qualifying hill was listed as Sychnentydd with a 508m summit height based on the spot height that appears on contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps and which is positioned at SN 909 724. As the adjoining summit of Cerrig Llwydion only had an uppermost 500m ring contour and did not possess a spot height it was regarded as lower in height compared to the adjacent hill of Sychnentydd.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
It was David Purchase who first brought to attention that Cerrig Llwydion may be higher than Sychnentydd, a rudimentary survey using a basic levelling staff was then conducted by Myrddyn Phillups on the 9th November 2005 resulting in Cerrig Llwydion being approximately 2m higher than Sychnenydd and with 13m of drop from the connecting bwlch between the two summits to the higher hill. This was followed by an on-site visit from John Kirk who took readings during a basic survey and concluded that Cerrig Llwydion is the higher hill by approximately 1.5m – 2m.
The details for this hill were also re-assessed when the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which is entitled the Interactive Coverage Map became available online. This mapping had many spot heights not on other publicly available Ordnance Survey maps and showed a 509m summit spot height for Cerrig Llwydion. This spot height is also shown on Ordnance Survey data that appears on the Magic Maps website.
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| Extract from the Magic Maps website |
The qualifying summit was subsequently relocated to Cerrig Llwydion based on the rudimentary surveys and the 509m spot height as detailed above.
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
The LIDAR result for each summit is given below:
Sychnentydd: 508.0m summit at SN 91001 72465
Cerrig Llwydion: 509.4m summit at SN 90965 73141
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| LIDAR image of Cerrig Llwydion and Sychnentydd |
The result produced by LIDAR analysis comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis for Cerrig Llwydion is 509.4m and is positioned at SN 90965 73141, and as this summit has been confirmed as being 1.4m higher than the 508.0m summit of Sychnentydd positioned at SN 91001 72465 the relocation of the qualifying summit is confirmed.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Elenydd
Name: Cerrig Llwydion
OS 1:50,000 map: 136 147
Summit Height: 509.4m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (new position): SN 90965 73141 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 462.0m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 92807 72279 (LIDAR)
Drop: 47.4m (LIDAR)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (February 2020)
Bryn Rhudd (SN 690 558 and SN 691 559) - 27th summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation creating a twin summit to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height and its position confirmed via LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| LIDAR image of Bryn Rhudd (SN 690 558 and SN 691 559) |
The criteria for the list this summit relocation affects are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height with 30m minimum drop, the list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The name the hill is listed by is Bryn Rhudd and it is adjoined to the Elenydd group of hills, which are situated in the northern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and is positioned with the B4343 road, the Afon Teifi and the A485 road to its north-west, and has the village of Llanddewi Brefi towards the west.
When the original 400m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website the summit height of this hill was listed as 480m which was based on the spot height positioned at SN 69179 55919 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
When the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau was published by Europeaklist in May 2013 the hill appeared under the details given above using the six figure grid reference of SN 691 559. These details were amended for the Y Pedwarau- The 400m Hills of Wales list appearing on Mapping Mountains with the ten figure summit grid reference of SN 69094 55832 used, with this being taken from hand-held GPS submissions detailed on DoBIH.
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
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| LIDAR summit image of Bryn Rhudd |
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 479.6m at two points; SN 69091 55821 and SN 69199 55978 and this position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 479.6m and this is to two positions; SN 69091 55821 and SN 69199 55978, with the latter position to ground at the base of a wall that bisects an ancient cairn and which is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps and is approximately 110 metres north north-eastward from where the now twinned and previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Elenydd
Name: Bryn Rhudd
OS 1:50,000 map: 146
Summit Height: 479.6m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SN 69091 55821 and SN 69199 55978 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: c 443m (interpolation)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 69888 56135 (interpolation)
Drop: c 37m (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (February 2020)
Gїas (SN 864 861) - 26th summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height and its position confirmed via LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| LIDAR image of Gїas (SN 864 861) |
The criteria for the list this summit relocation affects are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height with 30m minimum drop, the list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The name the hill is listed by is Gїas and it is adjoined to the Pumlumon group of hills, which are situated in the northern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and with its summit immersed in a conifer plantation it is encircled by forest tracks and fire breaks and has the Afon Hafren (River Severn) and a minor road further to its north and the Afon Gwy (River Wye) and the A44 road further to its south, and has the town of Llanidloes towards the east.
When the original 400m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website the summit height of this hill was listed as 475m which was based on the spot height positioned at SN 86375 86182 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
When the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau was published by Europeaklist in May 2013 the hill appeared under the details given above using the six figure grid reference of SN 863 861. These details were amended for the Y Pedwarau list appearing on Mapping Mountains with the ten figure summit grid reference of SN 86373 86195 used, with this being taken from details on DoBIH.
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
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| LIDAR summit image for Gїas |
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 474.7m at SN 86489 86191 and its position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 474.7m and is positioned at SN 86489 86191, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps and is approximately 115 metres eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Pumlumon
Name: Gїas
OS 1:50,000 map: 135, 136
Summit Height: 474.7m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SN 86489 86191 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 435.15m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 85917 85246 (LIDAR)
Drop: 39.6m (LIDAR)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (January 2020)
Pt. 480m (SH 936 523) - 25th summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height and its position confirmed via a spot height on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which is entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.
The criteria for the list this summit relocation affects are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height with 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are five categories of sub hills, with this hill being listed in the 400m Sub-Pedwar category. The criteria for 400m Sub-Pedwar status being all Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
As the authors do not know an appropriate name for the hill either through local enquiry or historic research it is being listed by the point (Pt. 480m) notation, and it is adjoined to the Mynydd Hiraethog group of hills, which are situated in the northern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A2), and it is positioned with the A543 road to its north-west, the A5 road to its south and the B4501 road to its east, and has the village of Cerrigydrudion towards the south south-east.
When the original 400m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website this hill was not included in the Hills to be surveyed sub list that accompanied the main P30 list, as it did not meet the criteria then used in this sub category.
When the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and it was listed with a 478m summit height based on the spot height positioned at SH 932 526 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map. This is also the height and position that the summit of the hill was listed in the 1st edition of Y Pedwarau published by Europeaklist in May 2013. However, toward the south-east of this position is another large 470m ring contour that did not possess a spot height on any publicly available map of the time.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Since publication of the 1st edition of Y Pedwarau there are a number of Ordnance Survey maps now available online, one is the non-contour Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which is entitled the Interactive Coverage Map. This map is the recent replacement for a contoured map that had many spot heights not on any other publicly available Ordnance Survey map. Importantly for this hill the recently available non-contour map shows a 480m spot height where the previously non-spot heighted 470m ring contour is positioned.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey non-contour Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website |
Another resource now available online is the WalkLakes website which hosts an interactive Ordnance Survey map originated from the Ordnance Survey Open Data programme. This map has many spot heights not on any other publicly available Ordnance Survey map and shows a 479m spot height close to where the 480m spot height appears on the non-contour Vector Map Local.
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| Extract from the WalkLakes website |
The position of the 480m spot height comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
Therefore, the new summit height for this hill is 480m and is positioned at SH 93640 52330 and appears on the non-contour Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which is entitled the Interactive Coverage Map , this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps and is approximately 50 metres south-eastward from where the previously listed 478m summit is positioned and situated in a part of the conifer plantation that is positioned on the northern slopes of this hill.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Hiraethog
Name: Pt. 480m
OS 1:50,000 map: 116
Summit Height: 480m (spot height)
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SH 93640 52330 (spot height)
Bwlch Height: c 457m (interpolation)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SH 92641 52999 (interpolation)
Drop: c 23m
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (November 2019)
Grugfryn (SJ 248 356) - 24th summit relocation
Survey post for Grugfryn
Significant Name Changes post for Grugfryn
Significant Height Revisions post for Grugfryn
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height and its position confirmed from LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| Grugfryn (SJ 248 356) |
The criteria for the list this summit relocation affects are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height with 30m minimum drop, the list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The name of the hill is Grugfryn and it is adjoined to the Y Berwyn group of hills, which are situated in the south-eastern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A4), and it is encircled by minor roads with the B4579 road to its south-west, and has the village of Glyn Ceiriog towards the west north-west.
When the original 400m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website the summit height of this hill was listed as 403m which was based on the spot height positioned at SJ 24849 35660 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
The upper section of this hill is immersed in a conifer plantation and the 403m spot height appears adjacent to a forest track. This area was visited and a mound on the western side of the track was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, resulting in a 404.05m height positioned at SJ 24842 35652.
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data from the mound beside the indistinct forest track |
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
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| LIDAR summit image of Grugfryn |
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 405.1m at SJ 24835 35615 and its position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 405.1m and is positioned at SJ 24835 35615, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps and is approximately 38 metres southward from where the Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey took place and approximately 50 metres southward from where the 403m spot height appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Y Berwyn
Name: Grugfryn
OS 1:50,000 map: 126
Summit Height: 405.1m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SJ 24835 35615 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 361.9m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SJ 24456 36336 (LIDAR)
Drop: 43.2m (LIDAR)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (November 2019)
Fforest (SN 944 900) - 23rd summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales and the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales, with the summit height and its position confirmed via LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| LIDAR image of Fforest (SN 944 900) |
The criteria for the two listings this summit relocation affects are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are five categories of sub hills, with this summit relocation applying to a hill listed in the 390m Sub-Pedwar category, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 390m and below 400m in height that have a minimum 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 30th January 2017, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Sub-Trichant with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips, with the Introduction to the list and the renaming of it appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 13th May 2017.
The name the hill is listed by is Fforest and it is adjoined to the Pumlumon group of hills, which are situated in the northern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and it is encircled by minor roads and has the Afon Trannon to its north and a part of the B4569 road towards the east, and has the village of Trefeglwys towards the east north-east.
When the original 300m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website the summit height of this hill was listed as 391m which was based on the spot height positioned at SN 94301 90124 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
When the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau was published by Europeaklist in May 2013 the hill appeared under the details given above using the six figure grid reference of SN 943 901. These details were amended for the Y Pedwarau list appearing on Mapping Mountains with the ten figure summit grid reference of SN 94294 90127 used, with this being taken from details on DoBIH.
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
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| LIDAR bwlch image for Fforest |
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 391.5m at SN 94401 90011 and its position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour compared to its previous listed position, or when the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 391.5m and is positioned at SN 94401 90011, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps and is approximately 120 metres south-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Pumlumon
Name: Fforest
OS 1:50,000 map: 136
Summit Height: 391.5m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SN 94401 90011 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 355.8m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 93945 89099 (LIDAR)
Drop: 35.7m (LIDAR)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (November 2019)
Y Foel (SJ 026 407) - 22nd summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau and the Y Trichant, with the summit height and its position confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.
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| LIDAR summit image of Y Foel (SJ 026 407) |
The criteria for the two listings this summit relocation affects are:
Y Pedwarau - Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. Accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are five categories of sub hills, with this summit relocation applying to a hill listed in the 390m Sub-Pedwar category, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 390m and below 400m in height that have a minimum 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
Y Trichant – Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Sub-Trichant with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips, with the Introduction to the list and the renaming of it appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 13th May 2017.
The name of the hill is Y Foel and it is adjoined to the Arenig group of hills, which are situated in the central part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A3), and it is positioned with the A494 road to the north-west and the Afon Dyfrdwy (River Dee) and the B4401 road to the south-east, and has the small community of Cynwyd towards the east.
When the original 300m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website the summit height of this hill was listed as 392m which was based on the spot height adjoined to a triangulation pillar positioned at SJ 02550 40750 on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map. The latter map also records a 391m spot height adjoined to a small ancient enclosure positioned to the east south-east of the triangulation pillar.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
Unfortunately LIDAR only covers the land adjoined to the ancient enclosure and not that adjoined to the triangulation pillar, however the flush bracket adjoined to the trig pillar is recorded as 391.972m, therefore ground at its base will be approximately 391.6m – 391.7m in height.
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis for land adjoined to the ancient enclosure is 392.85m at SJ 02666 40700 and its position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct.
Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 392.85m and is positioned at SJ 02666 40700, this position is given a 391m spot height on the Ordnance Survey 1: 25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 130 metres east south-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned which is land at the base of the triangulation pillar which is given a 392m spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Arenig
Name: Y Foel
OS 1:50,000 map: 125
Summit Height: 392.85m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SJ 02666 40700 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 327m (spot height)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SJ 01843 40765 (spot height)
Drop: 66m (LIDAR summit and spot height bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (November 2019)
Mynydd Llanybydder (SN 535 395) - 21st summit relocation
Survey post for Mynydd Llanybydder
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height, position and relocation confirmed by LIDAR analysis initially conducted by Aled Williams and subsequently by Myrddyn Phillips.
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| LIDAR image of Mynydd Llanybydder |
The criteria for the list this summit relocation affects are:
Y Pedwarau - Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The name of the hill is Mynydd Llanybydder it is situated in the Mynydd Pencarreg range of hills, which are positioned in the central part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and it is positioned with the A 485 road to the west and the B 4337 road to the north-east, and has the town of Llanybydder towards the north north-west.
As the summit of the hill is a part of designated open access land it can in theory be approached from a number of directions, with the easiest via the access track to the high mast which is positioned adjacent to the summit area of this hill. However, the summit of this hill is now located in a conifer plantation, thankfully its high point is not difficult to reach.
The summit area of this hill has a conifer plantation on its north-eastern side and open hillside on its south-western side, with the latter having an ancient tumulus on it with a triangulation pillar positioned near its high point which is given a 408.617m flush bracket height in the OS Trig Database. Prior to LIDAR analysis it is this 408m map heighted position that was given as that for the summit in the 1st edition of Y Pedwarau published by Europeaklist in May 2013.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map showing the summit position in relation to where the trig pillar and ancient tumulus is positioned |
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| LIDAR summit image showing the ancient tumulus just below and to left of centre and the LIDAR summit just above and to right of centre |
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the highest ground on top of the ancient tumulus |
The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique is highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales, and the area of the summit was analysed via LIDAR initially by Aled Williams and then by Myrddyn Phillips, resulting in the below:
LIDAR: Ancient tumulus with trig pillar: 408.282m at SN 53485 39501
LIDAR: Position in forestry: 408.510m at SN 53519 39583
LIDAR: Summit in forestry: 408.700m at SN 53589 39599
During an on-site inspection data were gathered with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 from the highest ground on the ancient tumulus, resulting in:
Trimble: Ancient tumulus with trig: 408.351m
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 408.7m at SN 53589 39599 and its position in relation to that previously given comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies to any listed hill whose summit meets the following criteria; where there are a number of potential summit positions within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist, or when the summit of the hill is in a different field compared to where previously given, or when the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct. As heights on different scaled Ordnance Survey maps are not consistent the height given on the 1:25,000 Explorer map is being prioritised in favour of the 1:50,000 Landranger map for detailing these relocations.
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| Close up LIDAR summit image of Mynydd Llanybydder |
LIDAR contouring implies that ground in the conifer plantation is higher than that at the ancient tumulus, therefore the relocated summit position is at SN 53589 39599 and this is approximately 150 metres north-east from where the previous listed 408m map heighted summit was given in the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau published by Europeaklist in May 2013
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 positioned at the LIDAR summit of Mynydd Llanybydder |
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Pencarreg
Name: Mynydd Llanybydder
OS 1:50,000 map: 146
Summit Height: 408.7m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SN 53589 39599 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: c 287m (interpolation)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 56098 40547 (interpolation)
Drop: c 122m (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Bryn Gwyn (SN 748 861) - 20th summit relocation
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height, position and relocation confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
The criteria for the list this summit relocation affects are:
Y Pedwarau - Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The name of the hill is Bryn Gwyn and it is situated in the Pumlumon range of hills, which are positioned in the north-eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), the upper section of the hill is forested and it is positioned with the Afon Rheidol to its south-east and the Nant y Moch Reservoir to its north, and has the small community of Ponterwyd towards the south.
As the summit of the hill is a part of designated open access land it can in theory be approached from a number of directions, however as the upper section of the hill is forested any approach may be problematic.
The summit area of this hill has three uppermost 440m contour rings on Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps, with the high point of the westerly contour being free of forestry and the central and easterly contours immersed in it, with the central of these ring contours being given a 443m spot height on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map, and the westerly ring contour being given a 445m spot height on the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website. It was the position of the 445m spot height that was given as the summit of this hill in the 1st edition of Y Pedwarau published by Europeaklist in May 2013.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map |
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website |
The highest land in each of these contours was analysied via LIDAR by Aled Williams. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique is highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 447.5m and is positioned at SN 74869 86166, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website with the summit position circled |
Therefore, the confirmation of the relocated summit position is at SN 74869 86166 and this is approximately 900 metres east from where the previous listed 445m map heighted summit was given in the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau published by Europeaklist in May 2013.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Pumlumon
Summit Height: 447.5m (LIDAR)
Name: Bryn Gwyn
OS 1:50,000 map: 135
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SN 74869 86166 (LIDAR)
Drop: 35.3m (LIDAR)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2018)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Farrington Bank (SO 305 699) - 19th summit relocation
Survey post for Farrington Bank
Significant Name Changes post for Farrington Bank
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height, position and relocation confirmed by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 conducted by Myrddyn Phillipa and which took place on the 15th February 2018, with the height for the lower summit substantiated from LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
The criteria for the list this summit relocation affects are:
The criteria for the list this summit relocation affects are:
Y Pedwarau - Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The name of the hill is Farrington Bank and it is situated in the Maelienydd range of hills which are also known as the Beacon Hill range, this group of hills is situated in the eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and the hill is positioned with the B 4365 road to its west, and has the small town of Trefyclo (Knighton) towards the north.
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| Farrington Bank (SO 305 699) |
As the summit of the hill is not on designated open access land permission to visit should be sought, for those wishing to do so access to the hill is relatively easy from the convenience of a high minor road that leads to the access track to The Spaceguard Centre and Observatory that is positioned just to the north-east of the summit.
This hill is given twin 417m map heighted tops on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, with the top positioned at SO 305 699 originally given priority status in the listing when published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, with an accompanying note stating Observatory & trig pillar at second top of same height: SO 307 702. However, as the top positioned at SO 306 701 has a triangulation pillar this priority status was swapped when the list was renamed as the Y Pedwarau and published by Europeaklist in May 2013. Both of these tops were surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, with the result from LIDAR analysis for what proved to be the lower summit also included:
416.700m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 30500 69937 (grazing pasture)
416.499m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 30645 70198 (Trimble for observatory and trig pillar)
416.5m at SO 30659 70187 (LIDAR for observatory and trig pillar)
416.5m at SO 30659 70187 (LIDAR for observatory and trig pillar)
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Therefore as the higher top has been confirmed as the summit in the grazing pasture, this is a Summit Relocation for the hill compared to the current listing which gives the top behind the observatory beside the trig pillar as prioritised status. The relocated summit is approximately 300 metres to the south-west of where the summit is given in the Europeaklist publication of the Y Pedwarau.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Maelienydd (Beacon Hill)
Summit Height: 416.7m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Farrington Bank
OS 1:50,000 map: 137, 148
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SO 30500 69937
Drop: c 123m
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| Gathering data at the summit of Farrington Bank (SO 305 699) |
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| Gathering data at the old prioritised summit of Farrington Bank (SO 306 701) |
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (March 2018)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Rhiw Gwraidd (SO 016 634) - 18th summit relocation
Survey post for Rhiw Gwraidd
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with these details being retrospective as the line survey that initiated this summit relocation was conducted by John Barnard, Graham Jackson and Myrddyn Phillips on the 11th June 2010, with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey that confirmed this hill’s height conducted by Myrddyn Phillips on the 2nd January 2018.
The criteria for the two listings that this retrospective summit relocation affects are:
Y Pedwarau - Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales - These are the Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height. With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those addition Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is 33% or more and below 50% of their absolute height. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 3rd December 2015.
The name of the hill is Rhiw Gwraidd and it is situated in the Hirddywel range of hills which are in the northern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and the hill is positioned between the A 44 road to its north and the A 470 road to its south-west, and has the town of Llandrindod to its east south-east.
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| Rhiw Gwraidd (SO 016 634) |
As the summit of the hill is not on designated open access land permission to visit should be sought, for those wishing to do so a public footpath crests the ridge relatively near to this hill’s summit to the east.
When this hill was originally listed in the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website the summit position was given as SO 009 633, with an accompanying note stating Two tops of same height, other at SO 014 633. These two tops are given 442m spot heights on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, whilst a 440m ring contour further to the east is given a 441m spot height on the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website.
| Rhiw Gwraidd | 442m | SO009633 | 147 | 200 | Marilyn. Clem/Yeaman. Two tops of same height, other at SO014633. |
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website |
When this hill was line surveyed we found the summit position to be where the 440m ring contour is positioned on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, however we did not survey the hill with the Leica equipment for its summit height and therefore the hill remained with a summit position corresponding to where the 441m spot height appears on the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website and yet two 442m spot heights appear further to the west of this hill’s high point.
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| The line survey that determined the summit position of Rhiw Gwraidd |
With the summit position established via the line survey it was an easy task to ascertain an accurate summit height for the hill with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, and therefore the position of the relocated summit from that given in the P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website is at SO 01606 63432 and is the top of a small embedded rock that is approximately 1 metre north of a small cairn which is placed on featureless ground consisting of closely cropped grass, this position is given a spot height of 441m on the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website and is approximately 650 metres east from where the summit position was originally given and 175 metres east north-east from where the second 442m spot height appears on the 1:25,000 Explorer map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Hirddywel
Summit Height: 441.7m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Rhiw Gwraidd
OS 1:50,000 map: 147
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SO 01606 63432
Drop: 212.1m (Trimble summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Dominance: 48.02% (Trimble summit and LIDAR bwlch)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Rhiw Gwraidd with the old position of the summit in the background of this photograph |
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (March 2018)
Pawl Hir (SO 101 595) - 17th summit relocation
Survey post for Pawl Hir
Significant Height Revision post for Pawl Hir
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that was surveyed for 400m Sub-Pedwar status with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, with the survey that resulted in this summit relocation taking place on the 3rd October 2017 in good, clear conditions.
The criteria for the list this hill was surveyed for are:
Y Pedwarau – All Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. Whilst the criteria for 400m Sub-Pedwar status is all Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.
The name of the hill is Pawl Hir and it is situated in the Fforest Glud range of hills which are in the eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and the hill is positioned between the town of Llandrindod (Llandrindod Wells) to its west north-west and the small community of Hundred House to its south.
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| Pawl Hir (SO 101 595) |
As the summit of the hill is not on designated open access land permission to visit should be sought, for those wishing to do so the nearest public footpath crosses the hill from a west – east direction and just bi-passes the two high points of the hill, one of which is situated on the northern part of the summit area and the other on the southern part, with the easiest and most convenient ascent being from the east following the footpath up the hill from the convenience of a sharp corner on a minor lane, where there is adequate parking for a car.
Prior to the survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 the hill was noted with 19m of drop based on the 408m summit spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and the 389m bwlch spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website, this latter map also gives a 407m spot height to the south south-west of the 408m summit spot height. Therefore, the purpose of the survey was to ascertain the high point of the hill and determine if it had the minimum of 20m of drop required to be classified as a 400m Sub-Pedwar.
In all four points were surveyed for the high point of this hill; one on the northerly land where the 408m spot height appears and three on the southerly land where the 407m spot height appears, these results are given below:
1st survey, 408m spot height – 404.903m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 10225 59703
2nd survey, 407m spot height – 405.785m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 10108 59510
3rd survey, 407m spot height – 405.359m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 10036 59429
4th survey, 407m spot height – 405.641m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 10027 59400
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website |
The highest height obtained with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 compared to where each spot height appears on the ground is given below:
408m spot height - 404.903m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 10225 59703
407m spot height – 405.785m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 10108 59510
Therefore, the position of the relocated summit is at SO 10108 59510 and is featureless ground consisting of grass and thistles, this position is within the southerly area of the 400m ring contour on Ordnance Survey maps and is close to where the 407m spot height appears on the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website, the relocated summit is approximately 235 metres south south-west from where the previously noted summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Gilwern Hill
Summit Height: 405.8m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Pawl Hir
OS 1:50,000 map: 148
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SO 10108 59510
Drop: 16.9m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Pawl Hir with the old position of the summit in the background of this photograph |
For details on the survey that confirmed the summit relocation of this hill
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (December 2017)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Llandegle Rocks (SO 132 617) - 16th summit relocation
Survey post for Llandegle Rocks
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill listed in the Y Pedwarau which was initiated by LIDAR data analysed by Aled Williams and confirmed by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, with the survey that resulted in this summit relocation taking place on the 3rd October 2017 in good, clear conditions.
The list that this summit relocation affects is:
Y Pedwarau – All Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have a minimum 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of the list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The name of the hill is Llandegle Rocks and it is situated in the Fforest Glud range, this group of hills is positioned in the eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and the hill is situated with the small community of Llandegle to the north north-east and Pen-y-bont to the north-west. The upper part of the hill is made up of an island of designated open access land, with public footpaths leading to it from the west, north, east and south.
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| Llandegle Rocks (SO 132 617) |
The hill’s summit position was previously given as SO 131 618, this is where the 436m spot height appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps, which is adjoined to a triangulation pillar with the flush bracket height of 436.473m. Ordnance Survey maps also give a separate 430m ring contour towards the south-east that is not spot heighted and which visually is close in height to where the summit was listed.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
However, prior to the survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 this hill’s summit was analysed using LIDAR data by Aled Williams. LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) is highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
Aled’s analysis of LIDAR data gives the hill the following details:
Llandegle Rocks (contour ring with trig pillar)
Summit Height: 436.1m
Summit Grid Reference: SO 13145 61803
Llandegle Rocks (south-east 430m ring contour)
Summit Height: 436.3m
Summit Grid Reference: SO 13202 61751
Bwlch Height: 345.5m
Bwlch Grid Reference: SO 11362 59618
Drop: 90.8m
Whilst the height produced by the Trimble GeoXH 6000 appears below:
Llandegle Rocks (contour ring with trig pillar)
Summit Height: 436.258m (converted to OSGM15)
Summit Grid Reference: SO 13145 61803
Llandegle Rocks (south-east 430m ring contour)
Summit Height: 436.344m (converted to OSGM15)
Summit Grid Reference: SO 13202 61752
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the old summit position of Llandegle Rocks with the new position for the summit on the left of this photo |
Therefore, the position of the relocated summit is at SO 13202 61752 and is featureless ground consisting of grass, this position is within the south-eastern 430m ring contour on Ordnance Survey maps, although no spot height is given to it, the relocated summit is approximately 70 metres south-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Gilwern Hill
Summit Height: 436.3m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Llandegle Rocks
OS 1:50,000 map: 148
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SO 13202 61752
Drop: 90.8m
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the new summit position of Llandegle Rocks with the old summit position beside the trig pillar in the background of this photo |
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (December 2017)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Esgair Cerrig (SN 952 432) - 15th summit relocation
Survey post for Esgair Cerrig
Significant Name Changes post for Esgair Cerrig
There has been a Summit Relocation initiated by LIDAR data analysed by Aled Williams and confirmed by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, to the listings of Y Pellennig and Y Pedwarau, with the survey that resulted in this summit relocation taking place on the 28th December 2016 in good, clear and bright conditions.
The two lists that this summit relocation affects are:
Y Pellennig - The Remotest Hills of Wales, with the criteria being all hills in Wales whose summit is 2.5km or more from the nearest paved public road that have a minimum 15m of drop. This list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams.
Y Pedwarau, with the criteria being all hills in Wales at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have a minimum 30m of drop. This list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams.
Y Pellennig - The Remotest Hills of Wales, with the criteria being all hills in Wales whose summit is 2.5km or more from the nearest paved public road that have a minimum 15m of drop. This list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams.
Y Pedwarau, with the criteria being all hills in Wales at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have a minimum 30m of drop. This list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams.
The name of the hill is Esgair Cerrig and this was derived from local enquiry (see Significant Name Changes) and access to it is restricted due to it being positioned within the confines of the Sennybridge Artillery Range Training Area. The hill is situated in the Mynydd Epynt range, which is placed in the south-eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and the hill is positioned above the small community of Llangamarch (Llangammarch Wells) to its north north-west and the small town of Llanwrtyd (Llanwrtyd Wells) to its west north-west.
This hill’s summit position was previously given as SN 956 435 and this is where the current 456m spot height appears on Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps. However, prior to the survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 this hill’s summit was analysed using LIDAR data by Aled Williams. LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) is highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.
Aled’s analysis of LIDAR data gives the hill the following details:
Esgair Cerrig
Summit Height: 456.3m
Summit Grid Reference: SN 95226 43298
The analysis of LIDAR data pinpointed this hill’s position and its height was confirmed with the Trimble survey:
Esgair Cerrig
Summit Height: 456.4m (converted to OSGM15)
Therefore the position of the relocated summit is at SN 95224 43297 and is featureless ground consisting of grass interspersed with reed grass beside a bomb crater, this position is within the uppermost 450m ring contour on Ordnance Survey maps although no spot height is given to it, the relocated summit is approximately 490 metres south-westward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Mynydd Epynt
Summit Height: 456.4m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Esgair Cerrig
OS 1:50,000 map: 147, 160
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SN 95224 43297
Drop: 35.6m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Esgair Cerrig, with the old position of the summit in the centre background of this photograph |
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (January 2017)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Moelyci (SH 590 657) - 14th summit relocation
Survey post for Moelyci
There has been a Summit Relocation initiated by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 to the listing of Y Pedwarau, with the survey that resulted in the following details taking place on 14th July 2016 in good, clear and bright conditions.
The name of the hill is Moelyci and it is situated in the hills of the Glyderau, with the small community of Rhiwlas to the hill’s west, with the hill positioned between Caernarfon to its west south-west and Bangor to its north.
Access to the hill is relatively easy as a narrow lane heads eastward from the village of Rhiwlas and meets open access land and continues as a green track which crests the bwlch between Moelyci and Parc Drysgol. A path continues from the top of the green track through the heathery southern slopes of the hill and goes to the summit.
Access to the hill is relatively easy as a narrow lane heads eastward from the village of Rhiwlas and meets open access land and continues as a green track which crests the bwlch between Moelyci and Parc Drysgol. A path continues from the top of the green track through the heathery southern slopes of the hill and goes to the summit.
The hill is listed as a Pedwar (Y Pedwarau [Europeaklist May 2013]), these are the Welsh 400m hills with 30m minimum drop, with its summit position given as SH 593 659 which is the position of the 410m spot height that appears on current Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 maps. However, the summit area of this hill is given four small uppermost 410m ring contours on Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 maps. The grid reference for each position was noted and the intention was to survey each in turn to ascertain the high point of the hill, however sometimes contours do not match what appears on the ground and therefore the ground where one ring contour appears was visually judged lower and was not surveyed, whilst another point not given a 410m ring contour on Ordnance Survey maps was judged to warrant a survey. The results of the four surveys appear below:
1st survey: 409.9m (409.864m, converted to OSGM15) at SH 59083 65767
2nd survey: 409.5m (409.527m, converted to OSGM15)) at SH 59086 65786
3rd survey: 409.4m (409.415m, converted to OSGM15) at SH 59104 65898
4th survey: 409.5m (409.486m, converted to OSGM15) at SH 59375 65941
The position of the fourth 410m ring contour that was not surveyed is at SH 59167 65790
The position of the relocated summit is at SH 59083 65767 and is the top of a flattish rock amongst heather, this position is given a small 410m ring contour on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Glyder Fawr
Summit Height: 409.9m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Moelyci
OS 1:50,000 map: 114, 115
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SH 59083 65767
Drop: c 72m
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Moelyci, with the old position of the summit in the background on the left of this photograph |
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Cerrig y Gordref (SH 929 428) - 13th summit relocation
Survey post for Cerrig y Gordref
Significant Height Revisions post for Cerrig y Gordref
There has been a Summit Relocation to the listing of Y Pedwarau initiated by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, with the survey that resulted in the following details taking place on 2nd October 2015.
The Y Pedwarau are the 400m hills of Wales that have a minimum drop of 30m, accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are a series of sub lists, with this hill being listed as a 400m Sub-Pedwar, these are the 400m hills of Wales that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.
The hill is situated in the Arenig range and it was surveyed in the company of Aled Williams, who had suggested the walk. The hill is positioned to the north of Y Bala and is of an equal distance south south-west of Cerrigydrudion, with its Cardinal Hill being Foel Goch.
The Y Pedwarau are the 400m hills of Wales that have a minimum drop of 30m, accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are a series of sub lists, with this hill being listed as a 400m Sub-Pedwar, these are the 400m hills of Wales that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.
The hill is situated in the Arenig range and it was surveyed in the company of Aled Williams, who had suggested the walk. The hill is positioned to the north of Y Bala and is of an equal distance south south-west of Cerrigydrudion, with its Cardinal Hill being Foel Goch.
The name of the hill is Cerrig y Gordref and the hill is listed in the Y Pedwarau (Europeaklist May 2013) as a 400m Sub-Pedwar with 28m of drop, with its summit position given as SH 930 428 which is the position of the 497m spot height that appears on current Ordnance Survey maps. However, this position is not the high point of the hill as land approximately 100 metres to the west is higher. Both positions were surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 resulting in the westerly position being 3.8m higher.
The position of the relocated summit is at SH 92971 42820 and is the top of featureless ground that mainly consists of moor grass, this position is given a spot height of 495m on the Ordnance Survey enlarged mapping hosted on the Geograph website.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Foel Goch
Summit Height: 494.6m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Cerrig y Gordref
OS 1:50,000 map: 125
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SH 92971 42820
Drop: 26.0m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the new summit position of Cerrig y Gordref, with the old position of the summit to the right of Aled (wearing red) on this photograph |
For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2015)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Banc Bron Derwgoed (SN 871 987) - 12th summit relocation
Survey post for Banc Bron Derwgoed
Hill Reclassifications post for Banc Bron Derwgoed
There has been a Summit Relocation to the listing of Y Pedwarau initiated by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, with the survey that resulted in the following details taking place on 7th September 2015. The Y Pedwarau are the 400m Welsh hills that have 30m minimum drop.
Accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are a series of sub lists, with this hill now being listed as a 400m Sub-Pedwar, these are the 400m hills of Wales that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.
The hill is situated in the Pumlumon range and the survey was conducted in the company of Aled Williams, who had suggested the walk. The hill is positioned to the south-west of the small communities of Llan and Bont Dolgadfan, and can be easily accessed from a minor road to the north-west of the summit, however the hills of the northern Pumlumon range are highly recommended and it is worthwhile considering an extended walk taking in this hill and other neighbouring summits.
The hill is situated in the Pumlumon range and the survey was conducted in the company of Aled Williams, who had suggested the walk. The hill is positioned to the south-west of the small communities of Llan and Bont Dolgadfan, and can be easily accessed from a minor road to the north-west of the summit, however the hills of the northern Pumlumon range are highly recommended and it is worthwhile considering an extended walk taking in this hill and other neighbouring summits.
The name of the hill is Banc Bron Derwgoed and prior to the Trimble survey it was listed as a Pedwar with its summit position given as SN 872 988 which is where the 404m spot height appears on current Ordnance Survey maps. However, this position is not the high point of the hill as land approximately 80 metres further west was surveyed by the Trimble as being 0.4m higher.
Three positions on the area of this hill’s summit were surveyed, the results appear below:
1st position: 403.754m (converted to OSGM15) at SN 87250 98813
2nd position: 403.988m (converted to OSGM15) at SN 87205 98770
3rd position: 404.182m (converted to OSGM15) at SN 87154 98796
The first position surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 equates to the approximate high ground where the 404m spot height appears on current Ordnance Survey maps.
The position of the relocated summit is at SN 87154 98796 and is the top of a grassy knoll which is the first high point when approaching the summit of the hill from the north-west. This position is not given a spot height on current Ordnance Survey maps.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Foel Fadian
Summit Height: 404.2m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Banc Bron Derwgoed
OS 1:50,000 map: 135, 136
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SN 87154 98796
Drop: 27.7m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the old summit position of Banc Bron Derwgoed, with the new position of the summit on the central grassy ridge on the right of this photograph |
For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2015)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
The two tops of Cefn
Bach have now been surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, resulting in:
Surveyed on 18.08.15:
389.392m at SO 00293 37291
Surveyed on 30.12.18: 389.391m at SO 00470 38742
Cefn Bach (SO 002 372) - 11th summit relocation
1st Survey post for Cefn Bach
2nd Survey post for Cefn Bach
Hill Reclassifications post for Cefn Bach (SO 004 387)
Hill Reclassifications post for Cefn Bach (SO 002 372)
There has been a de-twinning of summits that is being detailed as a Summit Relocation initiated by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 in conjunction with LIDAR data analysed by Aled Williams, with this hill listed in both the Y Pedwarau and the Y Trichant, with the following details being retrospective as the Trimble survey that partly resulted in this summit relocation was conducted on 18th August 2015.
The Y Pedwarau comprise the 400m hills of Wales that have a minimum 30m of drop, accompanying the main P30 list are also a number of sub lists. Whilst the Y Trichant comprise the 300m hills of Wales that have a minimum 30m of drop with an accompanying sub list entitled the Sub-Trichant.
The hill has twin map heighted 391m summits which are orientated north to south, both are a part of the hill named as Cefn Bach and therefore each summit is listed by this name. Prior to the survey with the Trimble and the analysis of LIDAR data the southerly summit at SO 002 372 was prioritised and listed as a 390m Sub-Pedwar and a Trichant with 55m of drop, whilst the northerly summit at SO 003 387 was listed as a 390m Double Sub-Pedwar and Sub-Trichant with c 22m of drop.
The survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 was conducted in the southern hills of Mynydd Epynt on a fine and bright day during a circuit of three hills, with the hill positioned between the small communities of Merthyr Cynog to the west and Lower Chapel to the east south-east.
The survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 was conducted in the southern hills of Mynydd Epynt on a fine and bright day during a circuit of three hills, with the hill positioned between the small communities of Merthyr Cynog to the west and Lower Chapel to the east south-east.
The two summits are easily accessed from a narrow lane to their south where one car can be squeezed onto the grass verge. This ascent requires a there and back walk, alternatively a similar there and back walk can be taken from a lane to the north-west of the northerly summit.
Unfortunately there was only sufficient time to survey the southerly of these two summits with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, and therefore an accurate value for the northerly summit awaited analysis of LIDAR data.
Aled’s analysis of LIDAR data for the northerly summit of Cefn Bach gives the following details:
Cefn Bach
Summit Height: 389.2m
Summit Grid Reference: SO 00471 38745
Bwlch Height: 368.9m
Bwlch Grid Reference: SO 00075 38322
Drop: 20.3m
The Trimble survey and Aled's analysis of LIDAR data for the southerly summit of Cefn Bach gives the following details:
Cefn Bach
Summit Height: 389.4m
Summit Grid Reference: SO 00293 37291
Bwlch Height: 335.0m
Bwlch Grid Reference: SO 00293 36953
Drop: 54.4m
Therefore, as both hills are under 390m in height their status within the Y Pedwarau is deleted. Whilst their status within the Y Trichant is now confirmed and remains as it was.
The full details for the northerly hill are:
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Clepyn Melyn
Summit Height: 389.2m (LIDAR data)
Name: Cefn Bach
OS 1:50,000 map: 160
Summit Grid Reference: SO 00471 38745
Drop: 20.3m (LIDAR data)
The full details for the southerly hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Clepyn Melyn
Summit Height: 389.4m (converted to OSGM15) (Trimble and LIDAR data)
Name: Cefn Bach
OS 1:50,000 map: 160
Summit Grid Reference: SO 00293 37291
Drop: 54.4m (Trimble and LIDAR data)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the southerly summit (SO 002 372) which in conjunction with LIDAR data de-twinned the two 391m map heighted summits of Cefn Bach |
For details on the survey that in conjunction with LIDAR data de-twinned and confirmed the summit position of this hill please click {here}
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2015)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Bryn Serth (SO 148 109) - 10th summit relocation
Survey post for Bryn Serth
Hill Reclassifications post for Bryn Serth
Significant Height Revisions post for Bryn Serth
There has been a Summit Relocation to the listing of Y Pedwarau initiated from a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 and subsequently confirmed from LIDAR analysis, with the latter conducted by Aled Williams. The list of the Y Pedwarau takes in all 400m Welsh hills that have a minimum drop of 30m, with the Trimble survey that resulted in the following details taking place on 12th August 2015.
Accompanying the Y Pedwarau list are a number of sub category's of hills, with this hill being listed as a 400m Sub-Pedwar, these are the Welsh 400m hills that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.
The hill is positioned in the group known as Cymoedd Gwent in south Wales, and it was surveyed during a walk in the company of Mark Trengove on a bright and cheerful day. The hill is situated on the northern outskirts of Tredegar at the head of the Cwm Sirhywi (Sirhowey Valley) and it can be easily accessed from a car park beside the busy A4047 which is positioned at its south-eastern base. This car park also gives access to the Aneurin Bevan Memorial Stones; these consist of four monoliths and are set against the landscape of Ebbw Vale, Tredegar and Rhymney which form the constituencies which Aneurin Bevan represented during his years in Westminster.
The name of the hill is Bryn Serth and prior to the survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 it was listed as a Pedwar with its summit position given as SO 147 108 which is the centralised position of its uppermost 410m ring contour that appears on current Ordnance Survey maps, with this ring contour being erroneous as there is no land on this hill that reaches the height of this contour. However, this position is not the high point of the hill as land approximately 100 metres further north was surveyed by the Trimble as being 2.0m higher.
The position of the relocated summit is at SO 14807 10929 and is the top of featureless ground that mainly consists of long grass, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps but the Trimble and LIDAR result gave it as 2.0m higher when compared to the land where the uppermost ring contour appears on the ground.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Cymoedd Gwent
Summit Height: 404.0m (LIDAR)
Name: Bryn Serth
OS 1:50,000 map: 161
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SO 14807 10929 (LIDAR)
Drop: 25.8m (LIDAR)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 set-up position at the summit of Bryn Serth, with the old position of the summit in the background of this photograph |
For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Little Hill (SO 171 537) - 9th summit relocation
Survey post for Little Hill
There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.
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| Little Hill (SO 171 537) |
The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, the list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is now published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
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| Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams |
The name the hill is listed by is Little Hill and it is adjoined to the Fforest Glud group of hills, which are situated in the easterly part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B3), and it is positioned with the A481 road to its north-west, a mino road to its south and the B4594 to its east, and has the small community of Glascwm towards the south-east.
When the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau was published by Europeaklist in May 2013, this hill was listed with 46m of drop, based on the 469m summit spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map at SO 17269 53775 and the 423m bwlch spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
However, this hill has another high point which is approximately 100 metres west from where the 469m spot height appears on the ground. Both positions were surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, resulting in:
469m spot height position: 469.0m at SO 17268 53774
non-spot heighted position: 469.2m at SO 17175 53749
In relation to the previously listed summit position the high point determined by the Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:
The term Summit Relocations applies when the high point of the hill is foundeter to be positioned; in a different field, to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, to a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the new summit position of Little Hill, with the old position of the summit just on the left of centre in the background of this photo |
Therefore, the summit height produced by the Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey is 469.2m and this is positioned at SO 17175 53749, this position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 100 metres westward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Gwaun Ceste
Name: Little Hill
OS 1:50,000 map: 148
Summit Height: 469.2m (converted to OSGM15)
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SO 17175 53749
Bwlch Height: 422.7m (converted to OSGM15)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SO 16357 54404
Drop: 46.5m
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2015)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Pt. 483.6m (SH 735 428) - 8th summit relocation
Survey post for Pt. 483.6m
Significant Height Revisions post for Pt. 483.6m
There is a Summit Relocation to the Y Pedwarau list of Welsh 400m hills that has been confirmed by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000. The Y Pedwarau takes in all 400m summits in Wales that have a minimum 30m of drop.
This summit relocation was initiated from a visual inspection conducted by Aled Williams on 4th July 2015 in the hills between the Moelwynion and the Migneint, and which was later confirmed by the survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 14th March 2016.
The hill is listed as a Pedwar with its summit position previously given as SH 735 429, this grid reference is the position of the 486m spot height that appears on the Harvey 1:40,000 British Mountain Map.
The summit area of this hill has four small 480m contour rings on the current Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map. None of these contour rings has a spot height given to them on Ordnance Survey maps with the one positioned furthest north also being the largest, the position of this contour ring is where the 486m spot height appears on Harvey Maps.
The position of the ten figure grid reference determined by the Trimble GeoXH 6000 for the four 480m contour rings that appear on the current Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 map and their respective heights appear below:
Contour 1: SH 73542 42903 482.686m (converted to OSGM15)
Contour 2: SH 73563 42818 482.965m (converted to OSGM15)
Contour 3: SH 73541 42812 483.574m (converted to OSGM15)
Contour 4: SH 73475 42798 480.924m (converted to OSGM15)
Contour 1 is the largest and is where the 486m Harvey Maps spot height appears, Contour 4 is the smallest and Contours 2 and 3 are placed near to one another. It is Contour 3 at SH 73537 42813 that is noticeably higher from every position, and this was confirmed by the Trimble survey.
The hill is unnamed on current Ordnance Survey maps and therefore the point (Pt. 483.6m) notation has been adopted. Since publication of the 1st edition of Y Pedwarau by Europeaklist our place-name research has continued and Aled has confirmed this hill’s name from a local source, and this name will be used in future publications of Y Pedwarau.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Graig Goch
Summit Height: 483.6m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Pt. 483.6m
OS 1:50,000 map: 124
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SH 73541 42812
Drop: 34.4m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The new summit position of Pt. 483.6m is highlighted in yellow, with the old position of the summit highlighted in red on this photograph. Photo: Aled Williams |
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Pt. 417.6m (SJ 214 396) - 7th summit relocation
Survey post for Pt. 417.6m
There has been a Summit Relocations to the Y Pedwarau list initiated by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, with the following details being retrospective as the survey that resulted in this summit relocation was conducted on 26th June 2015. With the Y Pedwarau being the 400m hills of Wales that have a minimum drop of 30m.
The survey was conducted in the north-eastern part of the Y Berwyn during an evening walk in the company of Mark Trengove. The hill is situated with the town of Llangollen to its north and for those wishing to visit it can be quickly accessed from its south where a minor road follows the west – east direction of the ridge that the summit of the hill is situated on.
The hill is listed as a Pedwar with its summit position previously given as SJ 217 396 which is the approximate position of the 416m spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map. However, during the visit we visually determined that a point approximately 200 metres to the east of where the 416m spot height would appear on the ground was in fact higher.
The hill is unnamed on current Ordnance Survey maps and it is being listed under the point (Pt. 417.6m) notation. Since publication of the 1st edition of the Y Pedwarau by Europeaklist the continuing place-name research has found a name for this hill that appeared on an old map, this name will be used in the 2nd edition of Y Pedwarau planned for publication by Europeaklist.
The high point surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 has no spot height on any map but this position was found to be 1.6m higher that the 416m spot height previously mentioned.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Craig Berwyn
Summit Height: 417.6m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Pt. 417.6m
OS 1:50,000 map: 126
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SJ 21464 39666
Drop: 31.9m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the new summit position of Pt. 417.6m, with the old position of the summit behind the tree on the left of the photo |
For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Llethr Melyn (SN 959 579) - 6th summit relocation
Survey post for Llethr Melyn
There is a Summit Relocation to the Y Pedwarau list initiated by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000. The Y Pedwarau are the 400m hills of Wales that have 30m minimum drop, with the following details being retrospective as the survey that resulted in this summit relocation was conducted on 23th May 2015.
The survey was conducted in the eastern Elenydd on a fine day during a circuit of seven hills, and the hill is situated to the north north-west of the small community of Llanafan-fawr.
The name of the hill is Llethr Melyn, and its summit area has three separate ring contours that have a 433m spot height on current Ordnance Survey maps, with a fourth point to the south having a 430m triangulation pillar on it.
The position of each of these 433m spot heights was surveyed, as was the highest ground beside the trig pillar as well as a fifth point that visually looked as high as any other.
The survey results appear below:
Summit 1: 430.9m (converted to OSGM15) at SN 96347 57664
Summit 2: 432.4m (converted to OSGM15) at SN 95948 57974
Summit 3: 433.0m (converted to OSGM15) at SN 95967 57997
Summit 4: 432.6m (converted to OSGM15) at SN 96031 58035
Summit 5: 431.5m (converted to OSGM15) at SN 96301 58100
Summit 1 is where the 43om triangulation pillar is situated and Summits 2, 4 and 5 are where the three 433m map spot heights appear on the ground. However, the highest point surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 was Summit 3 which has no spot height adjoined to it on current Ordnance Survey maps.
The summit that was prioritised in the listing of the Y Pedwarau was at SN 960 580 with the other two summits of equal map height being mentioned in the Notes section that accompanied the Europeaklist publication.
The position of the relocated summit is at SN 95967 57997 and is the top of a small outcrop of rock, this is not given a spot height on current Ordnance Survey maps but the survey result produced by the Trimble GeoXH 6000 gave it as 0.4m higher when compared to the next highest point surveyed.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Gorllwyn
Summit Height: 433.0m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Llethr Melyn
OS 1:50,000 map: 147
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SN 95967 57997
Drop: 38.9m (Trimble summit and LIDAR bwlch)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the new summit position of Llethr Melyn, with the old position of the prioritised summit in the background of this photograph |
For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Willams (May 2015)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Lan Fawr (SN 939 578) - 5th summit relocation
Survey post for Lan Fawr
There has been a Summit Relocation to the listing of the Y Pedwarau initiated from a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000. Y Pedwarau takes in all 400m Welsh hills that have a minimum drop of 30m, and the following details are retrospective as the survey that resulted in this summit relocation was conducted on 21st May 2015.
Accompanying the main P30 Y Pedwarau list are a number of sub category of hills, with this hill being listed as a 400m Sub-Pedwarau, these are the Welsh 400m hills that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.
The hill is positioned in the wilds of the Elenydd and the survey was conducted on a fine and bright day during a circuit of five hills. The hill is situated between the small communities of Pontnewydd-ar-Wy (Newbridge-on-Wye) to its east and Beulah to its south.
The name of the hill is Lan Fawr, and its summit position used to be listed at SN 940 577 as this is where the 461m spot height appears on current Ordnance Survey maps, this point is situated on moorland that is prone to be water logged.
The position of the relocated summit is at SN 93963 57819 and is the top of a large erratic boulder, this position is not given a spot height on current Ordnance Survey maps but the survey result produced by the Trimble GeoXH 6000 gave it as 0.25m higher when compared to the high point of its adjacent moorland top.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Gorllwyn
Summit Height: 460.8m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Lan Fawr
OS 1:50,000 map: 147
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SN 93963 57819
Drop: 22.0m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the new summit position of Lan Fawr, with the old position of the summit in the background of the photo |
For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Pt. 430.7m (SO 089 525) - 4th summit relocation
Survey post for Pt. 430.7m
There has been a Summit Relocation to the listing of the Y Pedwarau instigated from a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000. The Y Pedwarau takes in all the 400m hills of Wales that have a minimum 30m of drop, and the following details are retrospective as the survey that resulted in this summit relocation was conducted on 25th April 2015.
The survey with the Trimble was conducted in the Fforest Glud hills to the south-west of Hundred House, which is a small community to the north-east of Llanfair-ym-Muallt (Builth Wells) in the heartland of Mid-Wales.
This hill formed part of a circuit around Aberedw Hill (SO 084 507) in the company of Mark Trengove and Aled Williams who were visiting hills whilst I scampered ahead to survey them. The culmination of the walk was on the summit of Aberedw Hill where we met Carole Engel, Anton Ciritis, Alex Cameron and Alan Greenwood to celebrate Carole’s completion of the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales.
The hill is listed as a Pedwar and remains unnamed on current Ordnance Survey maps and as we currently do not know an appropriate name for it either from local enquiry or from historical research it is being listed under the point (Pt. 430.7m) notation.
The summit area of the hill has three small 430m ring contours on Odnance Survey maps, with the furthest easterly one being given a spot height of 432m, and this is where the summit of the hill used to be listed.
The summit area of the hill has three small 430m ring contours on Odnance Survey maps, with the furthest easterly one being given a spot height of 432m, and this is where the summit of the hill used to be listed.
The position of each of these contour rings was surveyed with the Trimble resulting in:
Summit 1: 429.8m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 09189 52379
Summit 2: 430.7m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 08911 52554
Summit 3: 428.9m (converted to OSGM15) at SO 08099 52175
Summit 1 is where the 432m spot height appears on current Ordnance Survey maps, but its adjacent summit (Summit 2) was surveyed with the Trimble as being 0.8m higher
The new summit position for this hill is approximately 320 metres north-westward from where the 432m spot height appears on the ground.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Great Rhos
Summit Height: 430.7m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Pt. 430.7m
OS 1:50,000 map: 147
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SO 08911 52554
Drop: 30.1m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the new summit position of Pt. 430.7m, with the old position of the summit in centre background of this photo |
For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (April 2015)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Mynydd Poeth (SH 953 513) - 3rd summit relocation
Survey post for Mynydd Poeth
Hill Reclassifications post for Mynydd Poeth
Significant Height Revisions post for Mynydd Poeth
There has been a Summit Relocation initiated by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 to the lsting of the Y Pedwarau. The Y Pedwarau are the 400m hills of Wales that have 30m minimum drop, with the following details being retrospective as the survey that resulted in this summit relocation was conducted on 24th December 2014.
The survey was conducted in the hills of Mynydd Hiraethog and the hill is situated midway between the small town of Cerrigydrudion to its south and the Alwen Reservoir to its north, the hill was surveyed in the company of Mark Trengove on Christmas Eve before Santa brought the pressies.
The name of the hill is Mynydd Poeth and prior to the survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 the hill was listed as a 400m Sub-Pedwar and was reclassified to Pedwar status through the same survey that resulted in its summit relocation. When Mynydd Poeth was listed as a 400m Sub-Pedwar its summit position was given to where the 417m spot height appears on current Ordnance Survey maps, this position is at SH 95403 51068 and is southward from where the actual summit of the hill is situated.
This hill's new summit is positioned approximately 230 metres northward from where the 417m spot height appears on current Ordnance Survey maps. This new position has no summit spot height on any map.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Mwdwl Eithin
Summit Height: 419.3m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Mynydd Poeth
OS 1:50,000 map: 116
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SH 95375 51301
Drop: 31.7m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the new summit position of Mynydd Poeth, with the old position of the summit just beyond the far right of this photo |
For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (December 2014)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Moel Eglwys (SH 905 479) - 2nd summit relocation
Survey post for Moel Eglwys
There has been a Summit Relocation to the Y Pedwarau list initiated by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000. The Y Pedwarau are the Welsh 400m hills that have a minimum of 30m of drop. With the following details being retrospective as the Trimble survey that resulted in this summit relocation was conducted on 27th September 2014.
The survey was conducted in the hills to the west of the small town of Cerrigydrudion which is situated just to the north-east of the A5. This was one of five hills visited with Aled Williams during a day when we did three separate walks.
The hill is listed as a Pedwar and is named Moel Eglwys, its summit position was listed at SH 905 478 as this is where its 448m summit spot height appears on current Ordnance Survey maps. This position was surveyed using the Trimble, as was another position to its north.
The position of the relocated summit is at SH 90580 47962 and is the top of featureless ground, this position is not given a spot height on current Ordnance Survey maps but the Trimble GeoXH 6000 result gave it as 0.15m higher and approximately 65 metres northward from where the 448m spot height is positioned on the ground.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Arenig Fach
Summit Height: 447.6m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Moel Eglwys
OS 1:50,000 map: 116
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SH 90580 47962
Drop: c 36m
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 set-up position at the new summit position of Moel Eglwys, with the old position for the summit in the background just beyond the cairn and fence |
For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2014)
Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - Y Pedwarau
Pt. 499.5m (SH 665 310) - 1st summit relocation
Survey post for Pt. 499.5m
Hill Reclassifications post for Pt. 499.5m
There has been a Summit Relocation to the listing of the Y Pedwarau, these are the Welsh 400m P30 hills, initiated from a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000. The following details are retrospective as the Trimble survey that resulted in this summit relocation was conducted on 21st September 2014.
The survey was conducted in the hills of the Rhinogydd, with the hill situated between Abermaw (Barmouth) to the south-west, Dolgellau to the south-east, Harlech to the west and Trawsfynydd to the north-east. The hill formed part of an excellent day’s walk in the company of Mark Trengove and Dave Middleton.
The hill remains unnamed on current Ordnance Survey maps and as the authors do not yet know an appropriate name for the hill either from local enquiry or from historical research the point (Pt. 499.5m) notation is being adopted for it. The hill was previously listed as a 400m Sub-Pedwar and was reclassified to a Pedwar from the same survey that also initiated its summit relocation.
The hill is listed as Pt. 499.5m, when listed as a 400m Sub-Pedwar its summit position was given to where the 499m spot height appears on current Ordnance Survey maps, this position is at SH 66549 31044 and consists of the highest part of the rock perched at the top of a small cliff.
The position of the relocated summit is at SH 66565 31003 and is the top of a large erratic boulder, this position is not given a spot height on current Ordnance Survey maps but the Trimble GeoXH 6000 result gave it as 0.6m higher than where the spot height appears on the ground.
The full details for the hill are:
Cardinal Hill: Y Llethr
Summit Height: 499.5m (converted to OSGM15)
Name: Pt. 499.5m
OS 1:50,000 map: 124
Summit Grid Reference (New Position): SH 66565 31003
Drop: 30.3m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the new summit position of Pt. 499.5m, with the old position of the summit on the left and just above the centre of this photograph |
For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2014)
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