Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

 

Y Trechol –The Dominant Hills of Wales – Significant Name Changes

Y Trechol –The Dominant Hills of Wales are the Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height, accompanying the Dominant list is a sub list entitled The Lesser Dominant Hills of Wales with the criteria for this sub category being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list commenced publication on Mapping Mountains on 03.012.15 with its Introduction giving details to its compilation and criteria, with Change Registers also created for the Dominant and the Lesser Dominant category.

The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips and the posts that have appeared on Mapping Mountains detailing the significant name changes to the Dominant and Lesser Dominant list appear below presented chronologically in receding order.

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Pengarn Fawr (SN 132 485) - 140th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data and LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Pengarn Fawr (SN 132 485)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Preseli group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned surrounded by the coast on its east, north and west, with a minor road to its south-east and the A487 road farther to its south-east, and has the town of Aberteifi (Cardigan) towards the east south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Pen Garn, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the North-East.

Pen Garn

189m

SN132484

145

35/198

Trig pillar. Name from buildings to the North-East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose part of the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 121 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as a part of Pengarn Fawr in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish named St Dogmaels and in the county named as Pemrokeshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Pengarn Fawr, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Preseli

Name:  Pengarn Fawr

Previously Listed Name:  Pen Garn   

OS 1:50,000 map:  145

Summit Height:  189.4m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 13217 48504 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  c 97m (interpolation) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 13995 47993 (interpolation) 

Drop:  c 92m (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch) 

Dominance:  48.79% (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch)

 

Myrddyn Phillips (April 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Y Milgwns (SM 970 346) - 139th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Y Milgwns (SM 970 346)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Preseli group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the B4313 road to its north-east, the A40 road to its west and a minor road to its south-east, and has the town of Abergwaun (Fishguard) towards the north-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed and invented name of Esgyrn Wood Top, with an accompanying note stating; Name from wood to the South.

Esgyrn Wood Top

133m

SM971346

157

35

Name from wood to the South

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a wood and add the word Top to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When compiling the list of the Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales I made place-name enquiries for a number of hills, including this one.  I contacted Elin Evans and Julian Fry who live at Cronllwyn in Llanychaer.  Elin’s parents; John and Rhian live in the bungalow adjoined to the farm of Cronllwyn.  Julian offered to speak with Elin’s parents and with the aid of an Ordnance Survey map I pinpointed the hill I was interested in.  After Julian had spoken with Elin’s parents he told me that the area of about four fields at the top of this hill is known locally as The Milgwns.  Julian cannot speak Welsh and although this is how the name was given to him, he advised me to use the definite article ‘Y’ instead of the word ‘The’ as this is how the name would be given in Welsh.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Y Milgwns, and this was derived from local enquiry. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Preseli

Name:  Y Milgwns

Previously Listed Name:  Esgyrn Wood Top   

OS 1:50,000 map:  157

Summit Height:  132.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SM 97045 34611 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  85.5m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SM 97475 34891 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  47.2m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  35.57% (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips (April 2023)

 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Cefn Mawr (SM 978 352) - 138th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cefn Mawr (SM 978 352)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Preseli group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the B4313 road to its north, the A40 road to its west and a minor road to its south, and has the town of Abergwaun (Fishguard) towards the north-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Pen Cronllwyn, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South-East.

Pen Cronllwyn

133m

SM978353

157

35

Name from buildings to the South-East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 324 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cefn Mawr in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish named Fishguard and in the county named as Pemroke. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Cefn Mawr, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Preseli

Name:  Cefn Mawr

Previously Listed Name:  Pen Cronllwyn   

OS 1:50,000 map:  157

Summit Height:  133.9m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SM 97857 35211 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  73.6m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SM 97599 34681 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  60.3m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  45.04% (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips (March 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Parc Lan Uchaf (SN 100 261) - 137th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Parc Lan Uchaf

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Parc Lan Uchaf (SN 100 261) 

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Preseli group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B4546 road farther to its north-east and the A487 road farther to its south-east, and has the town of Aberteifi (Cardigan) towards the east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Pen Rhos, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South.

Pen Rhos

200c

SN101261

145/158

35

Name from buildings to the South

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 271 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Parc Lan Uchaf in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llan-y-cefn and in the county named as Pemroke. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Parc Lan Uchaf, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Preseli

Name:  Parc Lan Uchaf

Previously Listed Name:  Pen Rhos 

OS 1:50,000 map:  145, 158

Summit Height:  201.2m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 10053 26179 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  129.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 09509 26745 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  72.2m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  35.90% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (March 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Crugiau Maen Saeson (SN 141 456) - 136th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Crugiau Maen Saeson

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data and LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Crugiau Maen Saeson (SN 141 456)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Preseli group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B4546 road farther to its north-east and the A487 road farther to its south-east, and has the town of Aberteifi (Cardigan) towards the east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Bryn Pantsaeson, with an accompanying note stating; Name from farm to the South-West.

Bryn Pantsaeson

205m

SN142455

145

35/198

Name from farm to the South-West.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When compiling the list of the Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales I made place-name enquiries for a number of hills, including this one.  I contacted Glen Johnson in relation to this hill and its name.  Glen had conducted a tremendous amount of research concentrating on the area surrounding Aberteifi (Cardigan).  He told me the name of the ancient cairns on the summit area of this hill is Crugiau Maen Saeson, with the farm of Maensaeson situated to the west of the summit.  He also said that the cairns are also known locally as Pantygroes Cairns, with the farm of Pantygroes situated north-north-westward from the summit.  Glen explained that the cairns are either side of the minor road that passes to the east and north of the summit area, and that the ancient cairn at the summit may have been damaged when the Reservoir was built close to it.  LIDAR imaging suggests this cairn is intact, although an on-site visit by an archaeologist would confirm one way or the other.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Crugiau Maen Saeson, and this was derived from local enquiry. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Preseli

Name:  Crugiau Maen Saeson

Previously Listed Name:  Bryn Pantsaeson 

OS 1:50,000 map:  145

Summit Height:  205.3m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 14104 45618 & SN 14106 45618 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  c 127m (interpolation) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 15174 41089 (interpolation) 

Drop:  c 78m (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch) 

Dominance:  38.13% (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (March 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Ynys Aberteifi (SN 158 514) - 135th significant name change

Survey post for Ynys Aberteifi

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

Ynys Aberteifi (SN 158 514)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

30-99m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 30-99m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 30-99m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and as its name implies; it is an island positioned off the west coast of Wales, and has town of Aerteifi (Cardigan) towards the south south-east.

Cardigan Island

52m

SN158515

145

35/198

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 30-99m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Cardigan Island, which is the name that appears for the island on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, with originating Cymraeg names being anglicised and also originating English names being cymricised, examples such as these are more common in border country and especially so for anglicised forms.  There is no steadfast rule that fits all, but as a standard a name that has its origins in the Welsh language and where this is substantiated by either historic documentation and/or contemporary usage should be prioritised in favour of a contemporary anglicised or English version of the name.  Likewise, if a name exists where an element of it is in English and if this name applies to a hill that is situated in a Welsh speaking part of Wales it is standard practice to use a full Welsh term for the name.  It is also standard practice to use a Welsh name for a hill if another name exists that has originated in a different language.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Ynys Aberteifi, with the Welsh name for this hill prioritised over its English counterpart of Cardigan Island, which for listing purposes is standard practice.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Ynys Aberteifi

Previously Listed Name:  Cardigan Island 

OS 1:50,000 map:  145

Summit Height:  52.5m (converted to OSGM15, Trimble GeoXH 6000) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 15812 51487 (Trimble GeoXH 6000) 

Bwlch Height:  not applicable, sea level 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  not applicable, sea level 

Drop:  52.5m (Trimble GeoXH 6000)

Dominance:  100.00% (Trimble GeoXH 6000) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (February 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Pen y Graig (SN 272 422) - 134th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Pen y Graig (SN 272 422)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

30-99m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 30-99m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 30-99m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the B4570 road to its north-east, a minor road to its west and the A484 road to its south, and has town of Castellnewydd Emlyn (Newcastle Emlyn) towards the east south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 30-99m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Allt Goch, with an accompanying note stating; AKA Allt Gudd.  Both names appear near the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, the former to the north-west and the latter to the south-east, with each name not necessarily applicable to land where the summit of this hill is situated.

Allt Goch

98m

SN273423

145

185/198

AKA Allt Gudd

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a prominent name that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and presume it that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 920 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Pen y Graig in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llandygwydd and in the county named as Cardiganshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Pen y Graig and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Pen y Graig

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Goch 

OS 1:50,000 map:  185, 198

Summit Height:  98.3m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 27291 42260 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  61.8m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 27325 42645 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  36.4m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  37.09% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (February 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Cae Pen Das Eithin (SN 483 590) - 133rd significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cae Pen Das Eithin (SN 483 590)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A482 road to its north and minor roads to its west, south and east, and has the town of Aberaeron towards the north-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Allt Llanerchaeron, which is a prominent name that appears to the north of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and does not necessarily apply to land where the summit is situated.

Allt Llanerchaeron

172m

SN483590

146

198/199

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a name that appeared on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and presume it that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 203 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae Pen Das Eithin in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llannerch Aeron and in the county named as Cardigananshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Cae Pen Das Eithin, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Cae Pen Das Eithin

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Llanerchaeron   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  171.8m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 48325 59003 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  101.3m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 48788 58275 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  70.5m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  41.04% (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips (January 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Rhiw Las (SN 318 545) - 132nd significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Rhiw Las (SN 318 545)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the coast to its north and west, and the B4321 road to its south, and has the village of Llangrannog towards the south.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Allt y Cwrt, which is a prominent name that appears to the east of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Allt y Cwrt

167m

SN318545

145

198

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a name that appeared on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and presume it that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

There are a number of books specialising in the place-names of Wales.  Many are recommended as they give a historical context to the names we still use.  The names that relate to hills originate from the local community and although many do not appear on Ordnance Survey maps they have as much integrity as those that do. 

For the name of this hill it is the three volume set written and researched by Iwan Wmffre that gives the name of this hill as Rhiw Las.  The books are entitled The Place-Names of Cardiganshire and they are published by the British Archaeological Reports Oxford Ltd. 

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Rhiw Las, and this was derived from the book entitled The Place-Names of Cardiganshire which is authored by Iwan Wmffre.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Rhiw Las

Previously Listed Name:  Allt y Cwrt   

OS 1:50,000 map:  145

Summit Height:  167.2m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 31887 54547 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  99.1m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 32903 54487 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  68.1m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  40.72% (LIDAR)

 

My thanks to Aled Williams for advice in relation to the name of this hill

Myrddyn Phillips (January 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Banc Bryn Amlwg (SN 547 504) - 131st significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Banc Bryn Amlwg (SN 547 504)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its west and the A482 road to its north-east, and has the town of Llanbedr Pont Steffan (Lampeter) towards the south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Allt Maestir, which is a prominent name that appears to the west of the summit of this hill on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Allt Maestir

278m

SN547505

146

199

Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar.

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a name that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and which does not necessarily apply to land where the summit is situated, and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites.  One of the historic maps now available online is the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is the Draft Surveyors map in combination with the Six-Inch map that has prompted the change in the listed name of this hill.

The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map.  They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas.  Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing.  The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18^th century and the mid-19^th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that uses the name of Brynamlwg Bank, with it being listed as Banc Bryn Amlwg. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors Map

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map.  The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that places the land incorporating Allt y Maestir taking in the forested section of this hill and not where LIDAR places the summit of the hill. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Banc Bryn Amlwg, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors Map, with the land incorporating Allt y Maestir substantiated from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Banc Bryn Amlwg

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Maestir   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  277.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 54729 50489 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  175.65m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 52826 53160 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  102.0m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  36.74% (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips (November 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Allt Olmarch (SN 611 542) - 130th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Allt Olmarch (SN 611 542)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north and west, and the A485 road to its south-east, and has the village of Llangybi towards the south.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the prioritised and transposed name of Allt Tan-y-coed, with an accompanying note stating; aka Allt Olmarch.

Allt Tan-y-coed

257m

SN612543

146

199

aka Allt Olmarch. Height from 1985 1:50000 map.

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance prioritise a name that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map without validating the land area that it applies to.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 408 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as a part of Olmarch Isaf farm in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Betws Bledrws and in the county named as Cardigan. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Allt Olmarch, and this was derived from the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and the land area this name applies to validated from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Allt Olmarch

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Tan-y-coed   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  257.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 61118 54276 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  168.1m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 59645 54488 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  89.1m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  34.63% (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips (November 2022) 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Black Acre (SN 292 146) - 129th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Black Acre

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Black Acre (SN 292 146)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

30-99m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 30-99m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 30-99m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A40 road to its north, the A4066 road to its west and a minor road to its east, and has the small town of Sanclêr (St Clears) towards the north-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 30-99m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Brynhelig, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the North-East.

Brynhelig

60c

SN296145

159

177

Name from buildings to the North-East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 560 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Black Acre in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanfihangel Abercywyn and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Black Acre and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Black Acre

Previously Listed Name:  Brynhelig 

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  61.3m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 29283 14648 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  29.6m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 29308 15527 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  31.8m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  51.80% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (October 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Ffynnon Ellis (SN 392 204) - 128th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Ffynnon Ellis

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Ffynnon Ellis (SN 392 204)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

30-99m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 30-99m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 30-99m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north, and the B4312 and the A40 road to its south, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the immediate east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 30-99m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Bryn Pentremeurig, with an accompanying note stating; Name from road to the North-East.

Bryn Pentremeurig

73m

SN392204

145/159

177

Name from road to the North-East

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a road and put the word Bryn in front of it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1266 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill was situated is named as Ffynnon Ellis in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of St Peters and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

The natural summit of this hill is now placed under an artificially raised covered reservoir.  This summit is on land the Tithe names as Ffynnon Ellis.  However, as covered reservoirs are considered a relatively recent man-made construct and therefore discounted from the listed summit height of a hill, the height and position given for the summit is to the highest remaining natural ground which is on land that the Tithe names as Llain.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Ffynon Ellis and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Ffynnon Ellis

Previously Listed Name:  Bryn Pentremeurig   

OS 1:50,000 map:  145, 159

Summit Height:  73.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 39221 20463 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  33.8m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 39997 20345 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  39.9m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  54.09% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Caer Lan (SN 314 179) - 127th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Caer Lan

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Caer Lan (SN 314 179)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

30-99m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 30-99m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 30-99m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north, west and east, and the A40 road to its south, and has the small town of Sanclêr (St Clears) towards the west south-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 30-99m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Penlan, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the North-East.

Penlan

75c

SN314179

159

177

Name from buildings to the North-East

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 124 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Caer Lan in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanfihangel Abercywyn and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Caer Lan and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Caer Lan

Previously Listed Name:  Penlan   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  78.8m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 31408 17941 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  36.4m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 30930 18268 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  42.4m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  53.81% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Llangoch Uchaf (SN 471 217) - 126th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Llangoch Uchaf (SN 471 217)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

30-99m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 30-99m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 30-99m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its east and north-west, and the A40 road to its south, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the west south-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 30-99m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Allt-y-gog, which is a prominent name that appears to the east of the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and which does not apply to land taking in the summit of this hill.

Allt-y-gog

80c

SN471218

159

186

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a prominent name that appears on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps and presume it that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1426 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Llangoch Uchaf in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Abergwili and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Llangoch Uchaf and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Llangoch Uchaf

Previously Listed Name:  Allt-y-gog   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  80.3m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 47125 21770 (LIDAR)               

Bwlch Height:  48.4m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 47274 21977 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  31.85m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  39.68% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2022)

 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Clun yr Hwch (SN 340 095) - 125th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Clun yr Hwch (SN 340 095)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north and the B4312 road to its north-east, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the north-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Wharley Point, which is a prominent name that appears to the south of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Wharley Point

109m

SN341095

159

177

During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on the map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to.  Therefore, I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are either inappropriate or where another name is viewed as being more appropriate, with the name of the land where the summit of this hill is situated now preferred over that of the headland.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 20 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Clun yr Hwch in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llansteffen and in the county named as Carmarthenshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Clun yr Hwch, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Clun yr Hwch

Previously Listed Name:  Wharley Point   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  109.2m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 34088 09505 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  61.95m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 33502 09930 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  47.3m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  43.28% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Field near Llan-gain Church (SN 382 155) - 124th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Field near Llan-gain Church (SN 382 155)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the B4312 road to its north-west and a minor road to its south-east, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the north-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Bryn Llangain, with an accompanying note stating; Name from town to the North.

 

Bryn Llangain

110c

SN382156

159

177/178

Name from town to the North.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a village and add the word Bryn to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 19 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Field near Llan-gain Church in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llan-gain and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Field near Llan-gain Church, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Field near Llan-gain Church

Previously Listed Name:  Bryn Llangain   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  111.0m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 38227 15593 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  68.6m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 37428 17929 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  42.4m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  38.20% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Lan (SN 337 112) - 123rd significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Lan (SN 337 112)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads with the B4312 road farther to its east, and has the village of Llansteffan towards the east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Bryn Llansteffan, with an accompanying note stating; Name from town to the South-East.

Bryn Llansteffan

133m

SN338112

159

177

Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar. Name from town to the South-East.

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a village and add the word Bryn to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 53 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Lan in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llansteffan and in the county named as Carmarthenshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Lan, and this was derived from the Tithe map.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Lan

Previously Listed Name:  Bryn Llansteffan   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  133.2m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 33785 11232 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  82.8m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 35468 14598 & SN 35465 14600 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  50.4m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  37.82% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Lan ar Pwll (SN 326 210) - 122nd significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Lan ar Pwll (SN 326 210)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north, west and east, and the B4298 road to its south, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Allt Llys Onnen, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South-East.

Allt Llys Onnen

141m

SN326211

145/159

177

Name from buildings to the South-East

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and add the word Allt to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 791 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Lan ar Pwll in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Meidrim and in the county named as Carmarthenshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Lan ar Pwll, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Lan ar Pwll

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Llys Onnen   

OS 1:50,000 map:  145, 159

Summit Height:  141.4m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 32689 21096 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  80.5m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 31468 20607 & SN 31455 20617 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  60.9m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  43.07% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2022)

 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Parc Cwarre (SN 414 221) - 121st significant name change

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Parc Cwarre (SN 414 221)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its west and the A484 road to its east, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the south.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Penlan Voss, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the East.

Penlan Voss

167m

SN414222

159

177

Trig pillar. Name from buildings to the East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 917 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Parc Cwarre in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of St Peters and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Parc Cwarre, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Parc Cwarre

Previously Listed Name:  Penlan Voss   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  167.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 41445 22181 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  63.15m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 40888 22823 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  104.0m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  62.22% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Cae Llan (SN 458 223) - 120th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cae Llan (SN 458 223)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B485 road farther to its west, the A40 road farther to its south and the B4310 road farther to its east, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the west south-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Banc-y-Pantyglien, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South.

Banc-y-Pantyglien

164m

SN458223

159

177

Trig pillar. Name from buildings to the South.

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and add the words Banc-y- to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1690 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae Llan in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Abergwili and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Cae Llan, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Cae Llan

Previously Listed Name:  Banc-y-Pantyglien   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  163.8m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 45820 22319 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  76.7m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 46536 22522 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  87.2m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  53.20% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Parc Cwarre (SN 304 203) - 119th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Parc Cwarre (SN 304 203)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the B4298 road to its north, a minor road to its south-west, the B4299 road farther to its west and a minor road to its south-east, and has the town of Sanclêr (St Clears) towards the south south-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Penbigwrn, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the West.

Penbigwrn

151m

SN305203

145/159

177

Trig pillar. Name from buildings to the West.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1076 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Parc Cwarre in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Meidrim and in the county named as Carmarthenshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Parc Cwarre, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Parc Cwarre

Previously Listed Name:  Penbigwrn   

OS 1:50,000 map:  145, 159

Summit Height:  151.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 30419 20386 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  73.6m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 31896 21238 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  77.5m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  51.31% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Parc Penyrheol (SN 463 243) - 118th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data. 

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are: 

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the A485 road farther to its west, the A40 road farther to its south and the B4310 road farther to its east, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the south-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Banc-y-Llain-cefn-hengil, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South-West.

Banc-y-llain-cefn-hengil

172m

SN464244

159

185/186

Name from buildings to the South-West

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and add the words Banc-y- to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 2133 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Parc Penyrheol in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Abergwili and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Parc Penyrheol, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Parc Penyrheol

Previously Listed Name:  Banc-y-Llain-cefn-hengil   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  172m (spot height) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 46398 24362 (hand-held GPS via DoBIH) 

Bwlch Height:  111m (spot height) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 46457 24821 (spot height) 

Drop:  61m (spot height summit and bwlch) 

Dominance:  35.47% (spot height summit and bwlch) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (July 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Cae Pant yr Lan (SN 486 219) - 117th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cae Pant yr Lan (SN 486 219)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north and west, the A40 road to its south and the B4310 road to its east, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the west south-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Pen-yr-allt, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the West.

Pen-yr-allt

175m

SN487219

159

186

Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar. Name from buildings to the West.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1326 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae Pant yr Lan in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Abergwili and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Cae Pant yr Lan, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Cae Pant yr Lan

Previously Listed Name:  Pen-yr-allt   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  174.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 48696 21961 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  79.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 49721 22982 & SN 49726 22982 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  95.65m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  54.75% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (July 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Parc y Meini (SN 314 236) - 116th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Parc y Meini (SN 314 236)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B4299 road farther to its west and the B4298 road farther to its south, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the east south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Allt Cilhir Isaf, which is a prominent name that appears to the south-east of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and applies to land that does not take in the summit of the hill.

Allt Cilhir Isaf

211m

SN315236

145/159

177/185

During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on the map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to.  Therefore, I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are either inappropriate or where another name is viewed as being more appropriate.

This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 2736 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Parc y Meini in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Tre-lech a’r Betws and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Parc y Meini, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Parc y Meini

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Cilhir Isaf   

OS 1:50,000 map:  145, 159

Summit Height:  210.9m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 31475 23627 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  129.5m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 31720 25692 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  81.4m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  38.58% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (July 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Rhos Uchaf (SN 391 252) - 115th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Rhos Uchaf (SN 391 252)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A484 road to its north and a minor road to its south, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the south.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Allt Foel-fawr, which is a prominent name that appears to the north of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and applies to land that does not take in the summit of the hill.

Allt Foel-fawr

238m

SN391253

145

185

Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar.

During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on the map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to.  Therefore, I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are either inappropriate or where another name is viewed as being more appropriate.

This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 327 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Rhos Ucha in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Newchurch and in the county named as Carmarthenshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Rhos Uchaf, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Rhos Uchaf

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Foel-fawr   

OS 1:50,000 map:  145

Summit Height:  237.8m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 39138 25287 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  150.5m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 35227 26322 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  87.3m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  36.73% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (June 2022)

 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Llethr Llwyd (SN 616 346) - 114th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Llethr Llwyd (SN 616 346)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the B4337 road to its north, the B4310 road to its west and the B4302 road to its east, and has the village of Llansawel towards the north.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Banc Beili-Tew, which is a prominent name that appears just to the north of the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Banc Beili-Tew

278m

SN616346

146

186

Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar.

 

During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on the map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to.  Therefore, I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are either inappropriate or where another name is viewed as being more appropriate. 

This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that were consulted for name placement in relation to this hill. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map.  The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that give the name of Llethr Llwyd in relation to this hill with that of Banc Beili Tew applying to land to its north.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Llethr Llwyd, and this was derived from the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map with its placement substantiated from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Llethr Llwyd

Previously Listed Name:  Banc Beili-Tew   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  277.9m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 61605 34623 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  157.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 60206 35153 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  120.9m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  43.52% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (June 2022)

 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Crug Melyn (SN 502 285) - 113th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data. 

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are: 

Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales – Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Sub-Trichant, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the list and the renaming of it appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 13^th May 2017, and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of the list appearing on the 1^st January 2022. 

Y Trichant - The 300m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north and south-west and the B4310 road to its east, and has the small community of Brechfa towards the north-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 300m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Pen-crug-melyn, which is a prominent name that appears near the summit of this hill on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Pen-crug-melyn

326m

SN503285

146

186

Marilyn. Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar.

 

During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on the map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to.  Therefore, I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are either inappropriate or where another name is viewed as being more appropriate. 

This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that were consulted for name placement in relation to this hill. 

Extract from the Ordnance Surveys series of Six-Inch maps

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map.  The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that give the name of Crug Melyn in relation to this hill with that of Pen-crug-melyn placed adjacent to a farm which is positioned just under the summit of this hill.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Crug Melyn and this was derived from the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map with its placement substantiated from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps. 

 

The full details for the hill are: 

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg 

Name:  Crug Melyn 

Previously Listed Name:  Pen-crug-melyn 

OS 1:50,000 map:  146 

Summit Height:  326m (spot height) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 50274 28508 (hand-held GPS via DoBIH) 

Bwlch Height:  c 142m (interpolation) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 48763 29385 (interpolation) 

Drop:  c 184m (spot height summit and interpolated bwlch) 

Dominance:  56.44% (spot height summit and interpolated bwlch) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (June 2022)

 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Lan Ddu Cilwenau (SN 572 371) - 112th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Lan Ddu Cilwenau

Significant Height Revisions post for Lan Ddu Cilwenau

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data and LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Lan Ddu Cilwenau (SN 572 371)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales – Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Sub-Trichant, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the list and the renaming of it appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 13^th May 2017, and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of the list appearing on the 1^st January 2022. 

Y Trichant - The 300m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the B4337 road to its north-east, a minor road to its south-west and the B4310 road to its south-east, and has the village of Llansawel towards the east south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 300m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the directional name of Lan Ddu Cilwenau West Top, with an accompanying note stating; Name from hill to the East.

Lan Ddu Cilwenau West Top

328m

SN576371

146

186

Clem/Yeaman. Name from hill to the East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance use a directional name based on supplanting the name of a near hill and adding a directional component to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales.

The website hosting the Welsh Tithe maps also hosts historical and contemporary Ordnance Survey and satellite maps and it is one of the historic Ordnance Survey One-Inch maps that positions the name of Lan Ddu Cilwenau taking in this land incorporating this hill. 

Extract from a historical Ordnance Survey One-Inch map available on the website hosting the Welsh Tithe maps

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Lan Ddu Cilwenau and this was derived from a historic Ordnance Survey One-Inch map available on the website hosting the Welsh Tithe maps. 

 

The full details for the hill are: 

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg 

Name:  Lan Ddu Cilwenau 

Previously Listed Name:  Lan Ddu Cilwenau West Top 

OS 1:50,000 map:  146 

Summit Height:  333.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 57277 37147 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  c 211m (interpolation) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 56467 37617 (interpolation) 

Drop:  c 122m (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch) 

Dominance:  36.66% (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (May 2022)

 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Cae Cwarre (SN 506 209) - 111th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Cae Cwarre 

Significant Height Revisions post for Cae Cwarre

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cae Cwarre (SN 506 209)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

30-99m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 30-99m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 30-99m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 30-99m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Allt Abercothi, with an accompanying note stating; Name from house to the West.

Allt Abercothi

68m

SN507209

159

186

Name from house to the West

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a house and add the word Allt to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 914 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae Cwarre in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanegwad and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Cae Cwarre and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Mallaen

Name:  Cae Cwarre

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Abercothi   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  70.9m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 50644 20918 (LIDAR)               

Bwlch Height:  36.1m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 51854 21860 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  34.8m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  49.04% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (May 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Castell y Dryslwyn (SN 554 203) - 110th significant name change

Significant Height Revisions post for Castell y Dryslwyn

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Castell y Dryslwyn (SN 554 203)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

30-99m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 30-99m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 30-99m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 30-99m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Dryslwyn Fort and Castle, with an accompanying note stating; Name from hamlet to the North and remains of ancient fort and castle at the summit.

Dryslwyn Fort and Castle

71m

SN554203

159

186

Name from hamlet to the North and remains of ancient fort and castle at the summit.

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a small community and the words fort and castle which appear in ancient script on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, with originating Cymraeg names being anglicised and also originating English names being cymricised, examples such as these are more common in border country and especially so for anglicised forms.  There is no steadfast rule that fits all, but as a standard a name that has its origins in the Welsh language should be prioritised in favour of a contemporary anglicised or English version of the name, and ideally for this to be substantiated by either historic documentation and/or contemporary usage.  Likewise, if a name exists where an element of it is in English and if this name applies to a hill that is situated in a Welsh speaking part of Wales it is standard practice to use a full Welsh term for the name.  It is also standard practice to use a Welsh name for a hill if another name exists that has originated in a different language.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Castell y Dryslwyn and this is prioritised over its English counterpart of Dryslwyn Castle, which for listing purposes is standard practice. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Mallaen

Name:  Castell y Dryslwyn

Previously Listed Name:  Dryslwyn Fort and Castle   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  72.4m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 55420 20301 (LIDAR)               

Bwlch Height:  25.3m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 55696 20577 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  47.1m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  65.02% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (May 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Lan Uchaf (SN 526 230) - 109th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Lan Uchaf

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Lan Uchaf (SN 526 230)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

30-99m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 30-99m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 30-99m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 30-99m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Twyn y Coed-saithpren, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and add the words Twyn y to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 811 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Lan Uchaf in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanegwad and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 30-99m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Lan Uchaf and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Mallaen

Name:  Lan Uchaf

Previously Listed Name:  Twyn y Coed-saithpren   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  86.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 52675 23027 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  39.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 53053 23453 & SN 53053 23455 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  47.7m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  55.02% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (May 2022)

 

 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Yr Aran (SJ 174 260) - 108th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data. 

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are: 

Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales – Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Sub-Trichant, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the list and the renaming of it appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 13^th May 2017, and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of the list appearing on the 1^st January 2022. 

Y Trichant - The 300m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Craig Berwyn group of hills, which are situated in the eastern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A3), and it is positioned with the B4580 road to its north, minor roads to its west and east and the B4396 road to its south, and has the village of Llangedwyn towards the south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 300m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the name of Mynydd-y-briw; which is a prominent name that appears close to the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Mynydd-y-briw

341m

SJ174260

125

239

Marilyn. Clem/Yeaman.

 

During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on the map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to.  Therefore, I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are either inappropriate or where another name is viewed as being more appropriate.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When compiling the Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales list I made place-name enquires regarding this hill with one of the local farmers; who was the father of a friend of an ex-girlfriend.  I was told by the local farmer that the hill is known as Yr Aran.

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites.  One of the historic maps now available online is the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is the Draft Surveyors map along with the Ordnance Survey Six-Inch map that substantiates the information the local farmer gave me.

The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map.  They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas.  Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing.  The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18^th century and the mid-19^th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that names the hill as Yr Aran. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map.  The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that name this hill as Aran, with the definite article Yr not given.  The detail given on the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps is also reproduced on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Yr Aran, and this was derived from local enquiry and substantiated by the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map and the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps, with the caveat of the retention of the definite article Yr as given by local enquiry. 

 

The full details for the hill are: 

Group:  Craig Berwyn 

Name:  Yr Aran 

Previously Listed Name:  Mynydd-y-briw 

OS 1:50,000 map:  125

Summit Height:  341m (spot height)                                                           

Summit Grid Reference:  SJ 17404 26074 (hand-held GPS via DoBIH) 

Bwlch Height:  c 181m (interpolation) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SJ 17597 26834 (interpolation) 

Drop:  c 160m (spot height summit and interpolated bwlch) 

Dominance:  46.92% (spot height summit and interpolated bwlch) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (April 2022)

 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Castell Dinefwr (SN 611 217) - 107th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Castell Dinefwr (SN 611 217)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Mallaen group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A40 road to its north, the Afon Tywi to its south and the A483 road to its east, and has the town of Llandeilo towards the east north-east.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the name of Dynevor Castle, with an accompanying note stating; Name from ancient castle at the summit.

Dynevor Castle

100m

SN612217

159

186

Name from ancient castle at the summit

 

The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, with originating Cymraeg names being anglicised and also originating English names being cymricised, examples such as these are more common in border country and especially so for anglicised forms.  There is no steadfast rule that fits all, but as a standard a name that has its origins in the Welsh language should be prioritised in favour of a contemporary anglicised or English version of the name, and ideally for this to be substantiated by either historic documentation and/or contemporary usage.  Likewise, if a name exists where an element of it is in English and if this name applies to a hill that is situated in a Welsh speaking part of Wales it is standard practice to use a full Welsh term for the name.  It is also standard practice to use a Welsh name for a hill if another name exists that has originated in a different language.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Castell Dinefwr, and this name is used as it is the Welsh name for the castle which is positioned on the summit of this hill. 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Mallaen

Name:  Castell Dinefwr

Previously Listed Name:  Dynevor Castle   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  101.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 61167 21730 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  49.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 61568 21996 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  52.1m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  51.54% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (April 2022) 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales

Gogarth (SH 767 833) - 106th significant name change

Survey post for Gogarth

2nd visit post for Gogarth

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey and LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

Gogarth (SH 767 833)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the name of Great Orme, which is the name this hill is known as in English and which appears near the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Great Orme

207m

SH768833

115

17

Marilyn. Clem/Yeaman.

 

The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, with originating Cymraeg names being anglicised and also originating English names being cymricised, examples such as these are more common in border country and especially so for anglicised forms.  There is no steadfast rule that fits all, but as a standard a name that has its origins in the Welsh language should be prioritised in favour of a contemporary anglicised or English version of the name, and ideally for this to be substantiated by either historic documentation and/or contemporary usage.  Likewise, if a name exists where an element of it is in English and if this name applies to a hill that is situated in a Welsh speaking part of Wales it is standard practice to use a full Welsh term for the name.  It is also standard practice to use a Welsh name for a hill if another name exists that has originated in a different language.  

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Gogarth, and this name is used as it is the prioritised Welsh name for this hill.  This name is also represented on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map with the caveat that it is documented with the use of the definite article ‘Y’. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Hiraethog

Name:  Gogarth

Previously Listed Name:  Great Orme   

OS 1:50,000 map:  115

Summit Height:  207.1m (converted to OSGM15, Trimble GeoXH 6000) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 76749 83334 (Trimble GeoXH 6000) 

Bwlch Height:  5.4m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 82244 78704 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  201.7m (Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit and LIDAR bwlch) 

Dominance:  97.41% (Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit and LIDAR bwlch) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (April 2022)