Myrddyn Phillips - Mapping Mountains: Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes

100m Twmpau – Significant Name Changes

The 100m Twmpau (thirty welsh metre prominences and upward) are the Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have a minimum drop of 30m. Accompanying the main P30 list is a sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau with the qualification to this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop.

The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips and the posts that have appeared on Mapping Mountains detailing the significant name changes to the main P30 list and the sub list appear below presented chronologically in receding order.

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Pt. 120.4m (SN 507 022) - 158th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Pt. 120.4m

LIDAR image of Pt. 120.4m (SN 507 022)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward.

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Sylen group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with a minor road to its east and north, the B4309 road to its west and the A476 road to its south, and has the town of Llanelli towards the south.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Pen Cae-mawr, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South-East.

Pen Cae-mawr

120c

SN507022

159

164/178

Name from buildings to the South-East

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day, with little consideration for the meaning of the name used and where it was appropriately applied to. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, on occasion even when research is conducted an appropriate name for the hill may not be found, and on such occasions the listing protocol is to use the point (Pt. 120.4m) notation, and for this hill this is such an example.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Pt. 120.4m, and this is being used as the author has not found an appropriate name for the hill either through historic research and/or local enquiry.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Sylen

Name: Pt. 120.4m

Previously Listed Name: Pen Cae-mawr

OS 1:50,000 map: 159

Summit Height: 120.4m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 50743 02266 & SN 50741 02271 & SN 50744 02273 & SN 50753 02271 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 98.1m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 51034 02544 (LIDAR)

Drop: 22.3m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (October 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Pt. 162.1m (SN 508 034) - 157th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Pt. 162.1m

LIDAR image of Pt. 162.1m (SN 508 034)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Sylen group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with a minor road and the B4309 road to its west and a minor road and the A476 road to its east, and has the town of Llanelli towards the south.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Pen Cwm Tre-beddrod, with an accompanying note stating; Name from cwm to the West.

Pen Cwm Tre-beddrod

161m

SN508034

159

164/178

Name from cwm to the West

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a near cwm and add the word Pen to it. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, on occasion even when research is conducted an appropriate name for the hill may not be found, and on such occasions the listing protocol is to use the point (Pt. 162.1m) notation, and for this hill this is such an example.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Pt. 162.1m, and this is being used as the author has not found an appropriate name for the hill either through historic research and / or local enquiry.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Sylen

Name: Pt. 162.1m

Previously Listed Name: Pen Cwm Tre-beddrod

OS 1:50,000 map: 159

Summit Height: 162.1m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 50860 03434 & SN 50868 03434 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 138.2m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 50307 03907 (LIDAR)

Drop: 23.9m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Ffridd y Garn (SN 616 987) - 156th significant name change

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Ffridd y Garn (SN 616 987)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward.

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height. With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Tarren y Gesail group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A3), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north-east, and the A493 road to its west and south, and has the town of Tywyn towards the north-west.

When the original 100m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill appeared under the transposed name of Llechwedd Melyn, which is a prominent name that appears near the summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps.

Llechwedd Melyn

196m

SN616988

135

Clem/Yeaman

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a prominent name that appears near the summit on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map. The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act. This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods. The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land. This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales.

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1029 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land. The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Ffridd y Garn in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Tywyn and in the county named as Merioneth. With the enclosed land to the east of the summit named Llechwedd and the enclosed land to the south-east of the summit named Gribin, both of these names are complimentary to ones that appear on the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps.

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Ffridd y Garn, and this was derived from the Tithe map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Tarren y Gesail

Name: Ffridd y Garn

Previously Listed Name: Llechwedd Melyn

OS 1:50,000 map: 135

Summit Height: 196.35m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 61647 98777 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 94.9m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 61953 98391 (LIDAR)

Drop: 101.5m (LIDAR)

Dominance: 51.67% (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Pant y Brwynog (SN 548 037) - 155th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Pant y Brwynog

Significant Height Revisions post for Pant y Brwynog

Summit Relocations post for Pant y Brwynog

LIDAR image of Pant y Brwynog (SN 548 037)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Sylen group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-east, west and south, and the A476 road farther to its west, the A4138 road to its south-east and the M4 motorway farther to its east, and has the town of Pontarddulais towards the east.

When the original 100m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this sub category.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-assessed and it was listed under the point (Pt. 130m) notation with an estimated c 27m of drop, based on the 130m summit spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map and an estimated c 103m bwlch height, based on interpolation of 5m contouring between 100m – 105m.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 73 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land. The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Pant y Brwynog in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llangennech and in the county named as Carmarthen.

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Pant y Brwynog, and this was derived from the Tithe map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Sylen

Name: Pant y Brwynog

Previously Listed Name: Pt. 130m

OS 1:50,000 map: 159

Summit Height: 127.65m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 54886 03732 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 102.6m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 54795 03991 (LIDAR)

Drop: 25.0m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Great Beech (SO 320 014) - 154th significant name change

LIDAR image of Great Beech (SO 320 014)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Cefn yr Ystrad group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-west and south-east, and has the A472 road to its north-east and the A4042 road farther to its west, and has the town of Pont-y-pŵl (Pontypool) towards the south-west.

When the original 100m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill appeared under the invented and transposed name of Pen Coed Di-haul, with an accompanying note stating; Name from wood to the North-East.

Pen Coed Di-haul

173m

SO320014

171

152

Trig pillar. Name from wood to the North-East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a near wood and add the word Pen to it. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites, and it is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps that form the basis of the change in the listed name of this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map. The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that place the name of Great Beech adjacent to the summit of this hill.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Great Beech, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Cefn yr Ystrad

Name: Great Beech

Previously Listed Name: Pen Coed Di-haul

OS 1:50,000 map: 171

Summit Height: 173.5m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SO 32011 01461 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 101.9m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SO 09740 00073 (LIDAR)

Drop: 71.6m (LIDAR)

Dominance: 41.27% (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Cae Gwar Allt (SN 455 133) - 153rd significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Cae Gwar Allt

LIDAR image of Cae Gwar Allt (SN 455 133)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Sylen group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north, west and south-east, and has the A4306 road farther to its north-east and the A4309 road to its south-west, and has the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards the north-west.

When the original 100m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill appeared under the transposed name of Allt y Cadno, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the North.

Allt y Cadno

111m

SN455133

159

177/178

Name from buildings to the North

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 2501 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land. The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae Gwar Allt in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llangyndeyrn and in the county named as Carmarthen.

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Cae Gwar Allt, and this was derived from the Tithe map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Sylen

Name: Cae Gwar Allt

Previously Listed Name: Allt y Cadno

OS 1:50,000 map: 159

Summit Height: 109.7m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 45512 13322 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 67.5m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 46302 13388 (LIDAR)

Drop: 42.2m (LIDAR)

Dominance: 38.46% (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (July 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Y Faerdre (SH 783 794) - 152nd significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Y Faerdre

LIDAR image of Y Faerdre (SH 783 794)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward.

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Hiraethog group of hills, which are situated in the northern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A2), and it is positioned with the A546 road to its west and the B5115 road to its east, and has the town of Deganwy encircling it on three sides.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-assessed and it was listed under the point (Pt. c 105m) notation with an estimated c 22m of drop, based on an estimated c 105m summit height and an estimated c 83m bwlch height, with both heights based on interpolation of 5m contouring that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map. With the name of The Vardre appearing just to the north of the summit on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites. One of the historic maps now available online is the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is the Draft Surveyors map and the prioritised language protocol that has prompted the change in the listed name of this hill.

The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18^th century and the mid-19^th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that uses the name of Castell Deganwy or Y Faerdre for the land taking in the summit of this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map

The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, with originating Cymraeg names being anglicised and also originating English names being cymricised, examples such as these are more common in border country and especially so for anglicised forms. There is no steadfast rule that fits all, but as a standard a name that has its origins in the Welsh language and where this is substantiated by either historic documentation and/or contemporary usage should be prioritised in favour of a contemporary anglicised or English version of the name. Likewise, if a name exists where an element of it is in English and if this name applies to a hill that is situated in a Welsh speaking part of Wales it is standard practice to use a full Welsh term for the name. It is also standard practice to use a Welsh name for a hill if another name exists that has originated in a different language.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Y Faerdre, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map with the prioritised language protocol being used.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Hiraethog

Name: Y Faerdre

Previously Listed Name: Pt. c 105m

OS 1:50,000 map: 115

Summit Height: 103.4m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SH 78310 79461 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 80.6m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SH 78227 79478 (LIDAR)

Drop: 22.8m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (July 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Obelisg Bryn Pydew (SH 805 789) - 151st significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Obelisg Bryn Pydew

LIDAR image of Obelisg Bryn Pydew (SH 805 789)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Hiraethog group of hills, which are situated in the northern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A2), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the A470 road farther to its west and the A55 road farther to its south-east, and has the town of Llandudno towards the north-west.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-assessed and it was listed under the point (Pt. c 121m) notation with an estimated c 19m of drop, based on an estimated c 121m summit height and an estimated c 102m bwlch height, with both heights based on interpolation of 5m contouring that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of resources made available online, and a variety of these refer to this hill and its high tower as the Bryn Pydew Obelisk.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Obelisg Bryn Pydew, and this was derived from a variety of online sources with the language protocol also being used.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Hiraethog

Name: Obelisg Bryn Pydew

Previously Listed Name: Pt. c 121m

OS 1:50,000 map: 116

Summit Height: 121.1m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SH 80506 78913 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 99.3m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SH 80687 79013 (LIDAR)

Drop: 21.8m (LIDAR)

My thanks to Aled Williams for advice relating to the listed name of this hill

Myrddyn Phillips (July 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Great Trefgarn Mountain (SM 944 243) - 150th significant name change

LIDAR image of Great Trefgarn Mountain (SM 944 243)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Garn Fawr group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north and south, the B4330 road to its west and the A40 road to its east, and has the town of Hwlffordd (Haverfordwest) towards the south.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Great Treffgarne Mountain, which is the composition of a prominent name that appears close to the summit of this hill on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website a number of place-name books have been accessed to either find or substantiate locally known and/or historic names for hills. One of the books accessed is the Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales, published in 2007 by Gomer Press and researched and written by Hywel Wyn Owen and Richard Morgan. It is this book that documents the preferred composition of the middle word of the listed name of this hill as Trefgarn, noting; A common local alternative, under English influence, is Treffgarn (e).

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Great Trefgarn Mountain, and although a fully Welsh name has not been found by the author for this hill the preferred Welsh composition of Trefgarn is favoured, and this is documented in the Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales book.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Garn Fawr

Name: Great Trefgarn Mountain

Previously Listed Name: Great Treffgarne Mountain

OS 1:50,000 map: 157, 158

Summit Height: 165.2m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SM 94454 24305 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 97.1m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SM 93483 23607 (LIDAR)

Drop: 68.1m (LIDAR)

Dominance: 41.22% (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (June 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Creigiau Cochion (SH 756 835) - 149th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Creigiau Cochion

LIDAR image of Creigiau Cochion (SH 756 835)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Hiraethog group of hills, which are situated in the northern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A2), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, and has the town of Llandudno towards the south-east.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-assessed and it was listed under the point (Pt. c 182m) notation with an estimated c 20m of drop, based on an estimated c 182m summit height and an estimated c 162m bwlch height, with both heights based on interpolation of 5m contouring that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Creigiau Cochion, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Hiraethog

Name: Creigiau Cochion

Previously Listed Name: Pt. c 182m

OS 1:50,000 map: 115

Summit Height: 181.8m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SH 75610 83571 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 161.25m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SH 76066 83355 (LIDAR)

Drop: 20.6m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (June 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Bryn y Beudy (SH 507 404) - 148th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Bryn y Beudy

Summit Relocations post for Bryn y Beudy

LIDAR image of Bryn y Beudy (SH 507 404)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Moel Hebog group of hills, which are situated in the north-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north and south, the B4411 road to its south-west and the A487 road to its north-east, and has the town of Cricieth towards the south.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-assessed and it was listed under the point (Pt. 156m) notation with 22m of drop, based on the 156m summit spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 134m bwlch spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 98 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land. The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Bryn y Beudy in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Cricieth and in the county named as Caernarfon.

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Bryn y Beudy, and this was derived from the Tithe map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Moel Hebog

Name: Bryn y Beudy

Previously Listed Name: Pt. 156m

OS 1:50,000 map: 124

Summit Height: 155.2m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SH 50785 40428 & SH 50786 40429 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 132.7m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SH 51229 40222 (LIDAR)

Drop: 22.5m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (May 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Pt. 118.9m (SN 710 294) - 147th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Pt. 118.9m

LIDAR image of Pt. 118.9m (SN 710 294)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Du group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with the Afon Tywi (River Towy) and the A40 road to its west, the B4069 road to its east, and has the village of Llangadog towards the south.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Allt y Tyddyn, with an accompanying note stating; Name from farm to the North.

Allt y Tyddyn

119m

SN711294

146/160

Name from farm to the North

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and add the words Allt y to it. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, on occasion even when research is conducted an appropriate name for the hill may not be found, and on such occasions the listing protocol is to use the point (Pt. 118.9m) notation, and for this hill this is such an example.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Pt. 118.9m, and this is being used as the author has not found an appropriate name for the hill either through historic research and/or local enquiry.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Du

Name: Pt. 118.9m

Previously Listed Name: Allt y Tyddyn

OS 1:50,000 map: 146, 160

Summit Height: 118.9m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 71046 29411 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 69.9m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 72466 30393 (LIDAR)

Drop: 48.9m (LIDAR)

Dominance: 41.16% (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (April 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Allt Pendugoedydd (SN 749 311) - 146th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Allt Pendugoedydd

Significant Height Revisions post for Allt Pendugoedydd

LIDAR image of Allt Pendugoedydd (SN 749 311)

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Du group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with the A4069 road to its north-west and minor roads to its west and east, and has the village of Llangadog towards the south-west.

When the original 100m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the Hills to be surveyed sub list, as with only an uppermost 150m contour on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this sub category.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-assessed and it was listed under the point (Pt. 163m) notation with an estimated c 20m of drop, based on the 163m summit spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map and an estimated c 93m bwlch height, based on interpolation of 5m contouring between 90m – 95m that appeared on the OS Maps website.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Allt Pendugoedydd, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Du

Name: Allt Pendugoedydd

Previously Listed Name: Pt. 163m

OS 1:50,000 map: 146, 160

Summit Height: 162.4m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 74992 31127 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 141.4m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 75086 31369 (LIDAR)

Drop: 21.0m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (April 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Lan Fach (SN 630 267) - 145th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Lan Fach

Summit Relocations post for Lan Fach

LIDAR image of Lan Fach (SN 630 267)

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Mallaen group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north, west, south and east, the A40 road farther to its south and the B4302 road farther to its east, and has the town of Llandeilo towards the south.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-assessed and it was listed under the point (Pt. c 181m) notation with an estimated c 20m of drop, based on an estimated c 181m summit height and an estimated c 161m bwlch height, with both heights based on interpolation of 10m contouring that appear on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 2023 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land. The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Lan Fach in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llandeilo Fawr and in the county named as Carmarthen.

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Lan Fach, and this was derived from the Tithe map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Mallaen

Name: Lan Fach

Previously Listed Name: Pt. c 181m

OS 1:50,000 map: 146

Summit Height: 182.6m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 63091 26746 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 159.1m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 62212 26133 (LIDAR)

Drop: 23.4m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (March 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Crug Cwm (SN 612 257) - 144th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Crug Cwm

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail produced by Joe Nuttall in his surface analysis programme, with subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by the DoBIH team and independently by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Crug Cwm (SN 612 257)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Mallaen group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the A40 road farther to its south and the B4302 road farther to its east, and has the town of Llandeilo towards the south south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Twyn y Crugcwm, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the East.

Twyn y Crugcwm

190c

SN613259

146

186

Name from buildings to the East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and add the words Twyn y to it. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 3474 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land. The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as a part of Crug Cwm farm in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llandeilo Fawr and in the county named as Carmarthen.

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Crug Cwm, and this was derived from the Tithe map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Mallaen

Name: Crug Cwm

Previously Listed Name: Twyn y Crugcwm

OS 1:50,000 map: 146

Summit Height: 192.8m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 61260 25753 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 159.0m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 63103 27207 (LIDAR)

Drop: 33.8m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (February 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Cwm y Rhidyll (SN 625 249) - 143rd significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Cwm y Rhidyll

LIDAR image of Cwm y Rhidyll (SN 625 249)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Mallaen group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-east, north-west and south, and the A40 road farther to its south and the B4302 road to its east, and has the town of Llandeilo towards the south.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Twyn y Llwydcoed, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South-East.

Twyn y Llwydcoed

157m

SN626249

159

186

Name from buildings to the South-East

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and add the words Twyn y to it. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1755 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land. The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as a part of Cwm y Rhidyll farm in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llandeilo Fawr and in the county named as Carmarthen.

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Cwm y Rhidyll, and this was derived from the Tithe map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Mallaen

Name: Cwm y Rhidyll

Previously Listed Name: Twyn y Llwydcoed

OS 1:50,000 map: 159

Summit Height: 156.6m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 62543 24916 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 113.7m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 62913 25209 (LIDAR)

Drop: 42.9m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (February 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Coed Uchaf (SJ 232 683) - 142nd significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Coed Uchaf

Significant Height Revisions post for Coed Uchaf

Summit Relocations post for Coed Uchaf

LIDAR image of Coed Uchaf (SJ 232 683)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Moel y Gamelin group of hills, which are situated in the north-eastern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A2), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the A55 road farther to its north, the B5123 road farther to its west, the A541 road farther to its south and the A5119 road farther to its east, and has the town of Y Fflint (Flint) towards the north.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Pen Coed Uchaf, with an accompanying note stating; Name from wood to the West.

Pen Coed Uchaf

160c

SJ232686

117

265

Name from wood to the West

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a wood and add the word Pen to it. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

The summit of this hill has been relocated to its high point which is situated in a wood that takes in the upper western part of this hill, and as the name of Coed Uchaf appears adjacent to the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, the Tithe map was consulted for confirmation of this name being applicable to this wood.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act. This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods. The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land. This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales.

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number b90 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land. The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Wood Coed Uchaf in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Northop and in the county named as Flint.

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Coed Uchaf, and this was derived from the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and confirmed via the Tithe map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Moel y Gamelin

Name: Coed Uchaf

Previously Listed Name: Pen Coed Uchaf

OS 1:50,000 map: 117

Summit Height: 161.7m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SJ 23205 68344 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 132.6m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SJ 23101 68383 (LIDAR)

Drop: 29.1m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (February 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

Bolton Beacon (SM 917 112) - 141st significant name change

Significant Height Revisions post for Bolton Beacon

LIDAR image of Bolton Beacon (SM 917 112)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Garn Fawr group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B4327 road farther to its north-west and the A4076 road farther to its east, and has the village of Johnston towards the east south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 30-99m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Boltonhill, with an accompanying note stating; Name from settlement to the North-East.

Boltonhill

110m

SM917112

157/158

Trig pillar. Name from settlement to the North-East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a small community and use it for that of the hill. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map. One of the historic maps now available is the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map and it is this map that formed the basis for the change in the listed name of this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map

The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map was the first map that Ordnance Survey produced, and their publication culminated from the whole of Britain being surveyed between 1791 and 1874 and the detail gathered therein produced at a scale of one inch to the mile and published in sheet format between 1805 and 1874. The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ maps for the whole of Wales are now available online; they are also available in map format as enlarged and re-projected versions to match the scale and dimensions of the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger series and are published by Cassini. This series of maps form another important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names and bridge the timeframe leading up to the production of the Ordnance Survey base map of the Six-Inch series, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that uses this name and places it close to the summit of the hill.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Bolton Beacon, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Garn Fawr

Name: Bolton Beacon

Previously Listed Name: Boltonhill

OS 1:50,000 map: 157, 158

Summit Height: 113.4m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SM 91710 11288 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 66.8m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SM 89719 12333 & SM 89721 12333 (LIDAR)

Drop: 46.7m (LIDAR)

Dominance: 41.13% (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2023)

Monday 18 September 2023

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 100m Twmpau

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