Mapping Mountains – Hill Reclassifications – Humps

Pen-yr-allt (SN 486 219) – Hump reclassified to Subhump

This is the sixth in a series of Hill Reclassification posts that detail hills whose status has been altered in the listing of the Humps (HUndred Metre Prominences) through map study and / or surveys that I have instigated.

The hill name used in this and forthcoming posts is that used in the listing of Humps, therefore individual names and their composition may not match those that are used in listings I am directly associated with.  However, I am of firm belief that listed hill names used by other authors should be respected when giving detail within other people’s lists, however inappropriate some hill names may be considered.

This and forthcoming posts are retrospective as many of these hill reclassifications were initiated from studying the Ordnance Survey enlarged mapping that is hosted on the Geograph website, and for the reclassifications that affected the Humps the email I posted on the RHB Yahoo Group forum in relation to this hill was dated 01.05.12.

The listing of Humps was published in book format by Lulu in 2009 and entitled More Relative Hills of Britain, its author; Mark Jackson gives credit to a number of people who contributed toward the formation of this list, these include; Eric Yeaman, Alan Dawson, Clem Clements, Rob Woodall, Bernie Hughes, Pete Ridges and others.  When the list was published in book format there were 2987 Humps listed with their criteria being any British hill that has 100m or more of drop, accompanying the main list is a sub category entitled Subhumps, with the criteria being any British hill that has 90m or more and below 100m of drop.

More Relative Hills of Britain by Mark Jackson

The details for the reclassification appear below:

There has been a reclassification to the listing of the Humps (HUndred Metre Prominences) due to consulting the Ordnance Survey enlarged mapping that is hosted on the Geograph website, with these details being posted on the RHB Yahoo Group forum on 01.05.12.

Prior to this notification Mark Jackson had listed this hill as a Hump with c 100m of drop based on the 175m summit spot height given to a triangulation pillar on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated bwlch height of c 75m based on bwlch contouring at 10m intervals, interpolation of bwlch contouring was helped by the use of 5m contour intervals on the Ordnance Survey enlarged mapping hosted on the Geograph website and therefore the estimated bwlch height could be better refined to c 77m, and when coupled with this hill’s 175m summit spot height these values give this hill c 98m of drop, which is insufficient for it to retain its Hump status.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey enlarged mapping hosted on the Geograph website showing the 5m contour intervals at the bwlch of this hill

The hill appears under the name of Pen-yr-allt in the listing of the Humps, with this name having appeared in the original 100m Welsh P30 list published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website with an accompanying note stating Name from buildings to the West.  As this hill comprises bounded land its details were examined on the Tithe map to the parish of Abergwili, and the enclosed land at the summit of this hill is named Cae Pant yr Lan, with the Lan part of this name possibly relating to buildings to the east of the hill, as shown on the extract from the Ordnance Survey Six-Inch map below.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Six-Inch map showing the trig pillar symbol at the summit of this hill, the farm named Pen-yr-allt-fawr (on left and named Pen-yr-allt on current maps) and the buildings named Lan on the right

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg range of hills and is situated overlooking the A40 road and the Afon Tywi (River Towy) to the south, with the small community of Nantgaredig to its south-east and the town of Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen) towards its west.

The reclassification of this hill from Hump to Subhump status was accepted by Mark Jackson and its new classification augmented in to the listing of the Humps on the 06.05.12.

The full details for the hill are:

Name:  Pen-yr-allt (as listed in the Humps)

Summit Height:  175m

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

OS 1:25,000 map:  186

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 48697 21963

Drop:  c 98m

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2017)

Mapping Mountains - Y Pedwarau - Hirddywel group of hills published

The Y Pedwarau list has been updated with the Hirddywel group of hills

To access the Introduction to the Y Pedwarau Master List

To access the Master List for Y Pedwarau

Mapping Mountains – Hill Reclassifications – Y Pedwarau

Cefn Cynllaith (SN 892 515) – 400m Sub-Pedwar addition

There has been an addition to the listing of Y Pedwarau due to analysis of LIDAR data by Aled Williams.  Y Pedwarau is the title for the list of 400m hills of Wales and takes in all Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have a minimum 30m of drop, the list is a joint compilation between Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and it commenced publication on Mapping Mountains on the 30.01.17.

Accompanying the main Y Pedwarau list are five categories of sub hills, with this hill being added to the 400m Sub-Pedwar category.  The criteria for 400m Sub-Pedwar qualification is all Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop.

Prior to analysis of LIDAR data the hill was listed with 16m of drop based on the 404m summit spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 388m bwlch spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey enlarged mapping hosted on the Geograph website.

The name of the hill is Cefn Cynllaith and it is situated in the Elenydd range with its Cardinal Hill being Pen y Garn Goch (SN 884 502) and is placed in the Region of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2).  The hill is positioned above the stream valleys of the Nant yr Annell to the north and the Nant Einon to the south, with the small community of Beulah towards its east.

As the summit of the hill is not a part of designated open access land permission to visit should be sought, for those wishing to do so the nearest approach via a public footpath is from the south and over the Nant Einon to a track below the summit.  Alternatively a longer approach from the east via another public footpath leads to the same track just south of the summit.

The addition of Cefn Cynllaith to 400m Sub-Pedwar status is due to the analysis of LIDAR data by Aled Williams.  LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) is highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

Aled’s analysis of LIDAR data gives the hill the following details:

Cefn Cynllaith

Summit Height:  405.0m

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 89292 51575

Bwlch Height:  383.9m

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 89176 51655

Drop:  21.1m

Therefore, the 405.0m LIDAR data produced for the summit position at SN 89292 51575 and the 383.9m LIDAR data produced for the bwlch position at SN 89176 51655 gives this hill 21.1m of drop which is sufficient for its inclusion as a 400m Sub-Pedwar.

The full details for the hill are:

Cardinal Hill:  Pen y Garn Goch

Summit Height:  405.0m (LIDAR data)

Name:  Cefn Cynllaith

OS 1:50,000 map:  147

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 89292 51575

Drop:  21.1m (LIDAR data)

The total for Y Pedwarau remains at 442 hills with nine additions, and fourteen reclassifications to 400m Sub-Pedwar status since publication of the list by Europeaklist in May 2013.

The overall total for the 400m Sub-Pedwarau is now 220 with 27 hills being added and 20 hills being taken out of this category since publication of the list by Europeaklist in May 2013.

The list of Pedwar hills is available from the Haroldstreet website (January 2014) with all subsequent changes detailed on the Mapping Mountains site, with the list also having commenced publication on Mapping Mountains on the 30.01.17.

For the additions, reclassifications and deletions to Y Pedwarau reported on Mapping Mountains since the May 2013 publication of the list by Europeaklist please consult the following Change Registers:

Y Pedwarau

Y Pedwarau – 400m Sub-Pedwarau

Y Pedwarau – 390m Sub-Pedwarau

Y Pedwarau – 390m Double Sub-Pedwarau

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2017)

Mapping Mountains – Summit Relocations – The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England – Summit Relocations

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England are the English hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop.  Accompanying the main list are three sub lists; these are the 400m Sub-Fours, 390m Sub-Fours and 390m Double Sub-Fours.  With their criteria detailed in the Change Registers which are linked in the above titles.

The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the posts that have appeared on Mapping Mountains detailing the Summit Relocations to the main P30 list and the sub lists appear below presented chronologically in receding order.

Postscript:  On the 10^th July 2024 the final group of hills in the updated version of this list were published on the Mapping Mountains site.  It was also announced that the sub hills accompanying the main listing of The Fours – The 400m Hills of England now take in just one category, this category is entitled the Sub-Fours.

Therefore, the 390m Sub-Fours and 390m Double Sub-Fours have been dispensed with and the criteria for the 400m Sub-Fours that included English hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m and more and below 30m of drop, have been amended to include English hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 15m and more and below 30m of drop and their title changed to the Sub-Fours.

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Ale Oak Bank (SO 224 835) - 35th summit relocation

Significant Name Changes post to Fron Hill

Significant Name Changes post for Ale Oak Bank

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis initially conducted by Aled Williams and subsequently by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Ale Oak Bank (SO 224 835)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is now listed by is Ale Oak Bank and this was derived from the 1847 inclosure award, and it is adjoined to the Cilfaesty group of hills, which are situated in the county of Shropshire close to the Welsh border, and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-east and north-west, and the B4368 road to its south-west, and has the town of Clun towards the east south-east.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed with an estimated c 21m of drop, based on the 413m summit spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and which is positioned at SO 22202 83519, and an estimated c 392m col height, based on interpolation of 5m contouring between 390m – 395m. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

Initial LIDAR analysis gave the highest ground on this hill as 412.6m positioned at SO 22201 83532, and it was this position that was given for the summit of this hill when the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018. 

LIDAR summit image of Ale Oak Bank (SO 224 835) 

Analysis of the latest LIDAR that is now available gives the highest ground on this hill as 413.0m positioned at SO 22428 83599.  LIDAR indicates this to be a mound with a tree on it.  There is no map evidence of this being ancient in original and therefore the mound could be a relatively recent man-made construct, but until this is proven it is this position that is now being given for the summit of this hill, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 413.0m and this is positioned at SO 22428 83599.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 225 metres east north-eastward from where the previously listed summit was positioned.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Cilfaesty

Name:  Ale Oak Bank

OS 1:50,000 map:  137

Summit Height:  413.0m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SO 22428 83599 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  391.7m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SO 22050 84209 (LIDAR)

Drop:  21.3m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (November 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Pt. 466.7m (SK 034 589) - 34th summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Pt. 466.7m (SK 034 589)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is being listed by the point (Pt. 466.7m) notation, and it is adjoined to the Axe Edge group of hills, which are situated in the Peak District, and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-east, west and south, the A53 road farther to its west and the B5053 road to its south-east, and has the town of Leek towards the west south-west.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed as a 400m Sub-Four with 29m of drop, based on the 467m summit spot height that is positioned at SK 035 589 and appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 438m col spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.  This is also the position the summit of this hill was listed as when the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 466.9m positioned at SK 03494 58988.  However, this is a part of a raised field boundary and protocols dictate that as this is deemed a relatively recent man-made construct such ground is discounted from the height of a hill. 

LIDAR summit image of Pt. 466.7m (SK 034 589)

The height produced by LIDAR analysis to the natural summit of this hill is 466.7m and is positioned at SK 03488 58962, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies when the high point of the hill is found to be positioned; in a different field, to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation,  within a different map contour, to a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the height produced by LIDAR analysis to the natural summit of this hill is 466.7m and is positioned at SK 03488 58962, this position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 32 metres south-westward from where the high point of the raised field boundary is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Axe Edge

Name:  Pt. 466.7m

OS 1:50,000 map:  119

Summit Height:  466.7m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SK 03488 58962 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  439.4m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SK 03455 60210 (LIDAR)

Drop:  27.3m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

The Frith (SK 062 697) - 33rd summit relocation

 

There has been confirmation of a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of The Frith (SK 062 697)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is The Frith, and it is adjoined to the Axe Edge group of hills, which are situated in the Peak District, and it is positioned with minor roads to its north and south, the A53 road to its west and the A515 road and the B5053 road to its east, and has the town of Buxton towards the north. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed as a 400m Sub-Four with an estimated c 28m of drop with an estimated c 450m summit height positioned at SK 062 697, and it was this position that was also given for the summit of this hill when the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, with an accompanying note stating:

The c 450m height assigned to this hill is taken to the edge of a fenced compound that houses a covered reservoir, which is heighted as 452m on the OS enlarged Geograph map.  As the protocol for ‘The Fours’ is not to accept covered reservoirs as being part of a hill, The Frith is listed as a Sub-Four with c 28m of drop.

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of The Frith (SK 062 697)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 452.8m positioned at SK 06249 69773.  However, this is a part of a covered reservoir and protocols dictate that as this is deemed a relatively recent man-made construct such ground is discounted from the height of a hill.

The height produced by LIDAR analysis to the highest remaining natural ground of this hill is 451.0m positioned at SK 06253 69768, and this position in relation to the covered reservoir comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 451.0m and this is positioned at SK 06253 69768.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 5 metres south-eastward from the high point of the covered reservoir.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Axe Edge

Name:  The Frith

OS 1:50,000 map:  119

Summit Height:  451.0m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SK 06253 69768 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  421.6m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SK 06033 69346 (LIDAR)

Drop:  29.4m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2023)

 

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Thirkelow Rocks (SK 049 691) - 32nd summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Thirkelow Rocks (SK 049 691)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Fours, the 390m Sub-Fours and the 390m Double Sub-Fours.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Thirkelow Rocks, and it is adjoined to the Axe Edge group of hills, which are situated in the Peak District, and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-east and west, and the A53 road farther to its west, and has the town of Buxton towards the north.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed with an estimated c 451m summit height, based on interpolation of the slightly larger and northerly of two uppermost 450m contour rings that appear on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and which is positioned at SK 049 692, and it was this position that was also given for the summit of this hill when the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Thirkelow Rocks (SK 049 691)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 450.9m positioned at SK 04939 69143, as opposed to 450.7m positioned at SK 04922 69224, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 450.9m and this is positioned at SK 04939 69143.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 80 metres southward and positioned in a different map contour to where the previously listed summit was positioned.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Axe Edge

Name:  Thirkelow Rocks

OS 1:50,000 map:  119

Summit Height:  450.9m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SK 04939 69143 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  417.3m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SK 04755 69364 (LIDAR)

Drop:  33.6m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

High Moor (SJ 965 701) - 31st summit relocation

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of High Moor (SJ 965 701)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is High Moor, and it is adjoined to the Shining Tor group of hills, which are situated in the Peak District, and it is positioned encircled by minor roads with the A537 road farther to its north, the A523 road farther to its west and the A54 road farther to its south, and has the town of Macclesfield towards the north-west.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed with a 415m summit height, based on the spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map and positioned at SJ 966 702. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018 the details for this hill were examined by available LIDAR, resulting in a 415.8m summit height positioned at the same grid co-ordinates; SJ 966 702. 

LIDAR image showing the two tops of High Moor; the old summit position to the north-east and the new summit position to the south-west 

However, it was not until new LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be again re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

Close up LIDAR image of the summit of High Moor (SJ 965 701)

The latest LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 416.1m positioned at SJ 96504 70128, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by the latest LIDAR analysis is 416.1m and this is positioned at SJ 96504 70128.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 135 metres south-westward from where the 415m spot height appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, and also positioned in a different ring contour.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Shining Tor

Name:  High Moor

OS 1:50,000 map:  118

Summit Height:  416.1m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SJ 96504 70128 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  384.1m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SJ 96803 70326 (LIDAR)

Drop:  32.0m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2023)

 

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Way Stone Edge (SD 999 140) - 30th summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Way Stone Edge (SD 999 140)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Way Stone Edge, and it is the highest hill in its own group of hills, which are situated in the southern Pennines, and it is positioned with the M62 motorway and the A672 road to its north-west, and the A640 road to its south-east, and has the village of Denshaw towards the south south-west.

When the original list that later became known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was first compiled, the summit position of this hill was given as SE 001 140 based on the 482m spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, the summit of this hill was relocated to SD 997 140 and listed with an estimated c 94 of drop, based on an estimated c 482m summit height and a 388m col height, with the former estimated from interpolation of the uppermost 480m ring contour and the latter based on the spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

This was also the summit height and position given for this hill when the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Way Stone Edge (SD 999 140)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 481.6m positioned at SD 99956 14046, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 481.6m and this is positioned at SD 99956 14046.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 145 metres westward from where the 482m spot height appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and approximately 160 metres eastward from where the summit position was previously given which was ascertained from hand-held GPS co-ordinates submitted to DoBIH.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Way Stone Edge

Name:  Way Stone Edge

OS 1:50,000 map:  109

Summit Height:  481.6m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SD 99956 14046 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  387.8m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SE 01975 09573 (LIDAR)

Drop:  93.9m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2023) 

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Cridden (SD 799 240) - 29th summit relocation

Significant Name Changes post for Cridden

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cridden (SD 799 240)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Cridden, and it is adjoined to the Cowpe Moss group of hills, which are situated in the southern Pennines, and it is positioned with the A56 road to its west and the A682 road to its east, and has the town of Haslingden towards the south-west and Rawtenstall towards the south-east.

When the original list that later became known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was first compiled, the summit position of this hill was given as SD 799 240 based on the position of the 401m spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.  This is also the position the summit of this hill was listed as when the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 400.949m positioned at SD 79943 24039.  However, this is a part of a raised field boundary and protocols dictate that as this is deemed a relatively recent man-made construct such ground is discounted from the height of a hill. 

LIDAR summit image of Cridden (SD 799 240)

The height produced by LIDAR analysis to the natural summit of this hill is 400.847m and is positioned at SD 79946 24034, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies when the high point of the hill is found to be positioned; in a different field, to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation,  within a different map contour, to a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the height produced by LIDAR analysis to the natural summit of this hill is 400.8m and is positioned at SD 79946 24034, this position is close to where the 401m summit spot height appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 5 metres south-eastward from where the high point of the raised field boundary is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Cowpe Moss

Name:  Cridden

OS 1:50,000 map:  103

Summit Height:  400.8m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SD 79946 24034 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  341.1m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SD 79800 26053 (LIDAR)

Drop:  59.7m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Cartridge Hill (SD 671 199) - 28th summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cartridge Hill (SD 671 199)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Cartridge Hill, and it is adjoined to the Cowpe Moss group of hills, which are situated in the southern Pennines, and it is positioned with a minor road to its west and the A675 road farther to its west, and the A666 road to its east, and has the town of Darwen towards the north-east.

When the original list that later became known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was first compiled, the summit position of this hill was given as SD 671 199 based on the position of the 402m spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.  This is also the position the summit of this hill was listed as when the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 401.841m positioned at SD 67133 19913.  However, this is a part of a raised field boundary and protocols dictate that as this is deemed a relatively recent man-made construct such ground is discounted from the height of a hill. 

LIDAR summit image of Cartridge Hill (SD 671 199)

The height produced by LIDAR analysis to the natural summit of this hill is 401.817m and is positioned at SD 67124 19909 and SD 67125 19910, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies when the high point of the hill is found to be positioned; in a different field, to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation,  within a different map contour, to a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the height produced by LIDAR analysis to the natural summit of this hill is 401.8m and is positioned at SD 67124 19909 and SD 67125 19910, this position is close to where the 402m summit spot height appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 10 metres west south-westward from where the high point of the raised field boundary is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Cowpe Moss

Name:  Cartridge Hill

OS 1:50,000 map:  109

Summit Height:  401.8m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SD 67124 19909 & SD 67125 19910 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  290.6m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SD 66398 19264 (LIDAR)

Drop:  111.2m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Bowland Knotts (SD 727 606) - 27th summit relocation

 

There has been confirmation of a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Bowland Knotts (SD 727 606)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Bowland Knotts, and it is adjoined to the Ward’s Stone group of hills, which are situated in the southern Pennines, and it is positioned with a minor road to its immediate west, the B6478 road to its south-east and the A65 road to its north-east, and has the town of Settle towards the east north-east.

When the original list that later became known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was first compiled, the summit position of this hill was given as SD 722 603 based on the 430m map heighted triangulation pillar that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, the summit of this hill was relocated to SD 727 606 and listed with an estimated c 86 of drop, based on an estimated c 430m summit height and an estimated c 344m col height, with both heights based on interpolation of 10m contouring that appear on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

The following note accompanied its listing:

As there is no 430m contour ring in the vicinity of the triangulation pillar that has a flush racket height of 429.932m (highest ground in vicinity of trig is at SD 722 603) the listed summit has been relocated to the vicinity of where a c 430m contour ring is shown on the map.  Therefore the summit is relocated from the previously listed high point which appeared in the original published listing in the RHB Yahoo Group file database.  However, margin of uncertainty associated with contour lines means the ground at SD 722 603 in the vicinity of the trig is still a contender as overall high point.

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Bowland Knotts (SD 727 606)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 430.7m positioned at SD 72767 60678, as opposed to the originally listed summit position which LIDAR gives as 430.0m positioned at SD 72207 60305, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 430.7m and this is positioned at SD 72767 60678.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 570 metres north-eastward from where the original listed summit is positioned.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Ward’s Stone

Name:  Bowland Knotts

OS 1:50,000 map:  98

Summit Height:  430.7m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SD 72767 60678 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  343.4m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SD 71799 60697 (LIDAR)

Drop:  87.3m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (May 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Holgates Kilnsey Moor (SD 950 660) - 26th summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Holgates Kilnsey Moor (SD 950 660)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Holgates Kilnsey Moor and it is adjoined to the Pen y Ghent group of hills, which are situated in the central Pennines, and it is positioned with a minor road to its south, and the B6160 road to its east, and has the village of Threshfield towards the south-east.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed with 27m of drop, based on the 450m summit spot height adjoined to a triangulation pillar positioned at SD 95174 66059 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 423m col spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with the same 27m drop value, but now with a 450.4m summit height positioned at SD 95175 66059 ascertained from LIDAR analysis.

However, it was not until the latest LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Holgates Kilnsey Moor (SD 950 660)

Latest LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 450.5m positioned at SD 95085 66075, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by latest LIDAR analysis is 450.5m and this is positioned at SD 95085 66075.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 90 metres westward from where the original listed summit is positioned.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Pen y Ghent

Name:  Holgates Kilnsey Moor

OS 1:50,000 map:  98

Summit Height:  450.5m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SD 95085 66075 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  422.2m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SD 94954 66475 (LIDAR)

Drop:  28.3m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (May 2023) 

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Highfolds (SD 894 677) - 25th summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Highfolds (SD 894 677)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Highfolds and it is adjoined to the Pen y Ghent group of hills, which are situated in the central Pennines, and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-east, north-west and south, and the B6160 road to its east, and has the village of Malham towards the south.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed with an estimated c 21m of drop, based on the 474m summit spot height positioned at SD 89329 67847 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated c 453m col height, based on interpolation of 10m contouring between 450m – 460m. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, the details given above remained the same except for the drop value being amended to an estimated c 22m, based on interpolation of 5m contouring between 450m – 455m that appeared on the interactive mapping on the OS Maps website.

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Highfolds (SD 894 677)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 473.713m positioned at SD 89456 67796, as opposed to the originally listed summit position which LIDAR gives as 473.653m positioned at SD 89342 67876, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 477.7m and this is positioned at SD 89456 67796.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 115 metres south-eastward from where the original listed summit is positioned.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Pen y Ghent

Name:  Highfolds

OS 1:50,000 map:  98

Summit Height:  473.7m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SD 89456 67796 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  452.5m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SD 89406 68117 (LIDAR)

Drop:  21.2m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (May 2023) 

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Addlebrough (SD 947 878) - 24th summit relocation

Significant Height Revisions post for Addlebrough

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Addlebrough (SD 947 878)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Addlebrough, and it is adjoined to the Whernside group of hills, which are situated in the central Pennines, and it is positioned with the A684 road to its north, a minor road to its west and the B6160 road to its south-east, and has the village of Bainbridge towards the north-west.

When the original list that later became known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was first compiled, the summit position of this hill was given as SD 945 881 based on where the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map indicated an uppermost 480m ring contour to be situated. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with an estimated c 94m of drop, based on interpolation of what was indicated as its highest 480m contour ring that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map giving an estimated c 481m summit height, with its listed summit position being relocated to SD 947 878, and the 387m col spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Addlebrough (SD 947 878)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 478.9m positioned at SD 94744 87872, and in relation to the originally listed summit position this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 478.9m and this is positioned at SD 94744 87872.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 300 metres south-eastward from where the original listed summit is positioned.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Whernside

Name:  Addlebrough

OS 1:50,000 map:  98

Summit Height:  478.9m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SD 94744 87872 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  386.8m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SD 94822 87149 (LIDAR)

Drop:  92.1m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (May 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Birkett Hill (NY 801 076) - 23rd summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Birkett Hill (NY 801 076)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Birkett Hill, and it is adjoined to the Great Shunner Fell group of hills, which are situated in the northern Penninnes, and it is positioned with a minor road to its west, and the B6259 road and the A685 road farther to its west, and has the town of Kirkby Stephen towards the west north-west.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with 33m of drop, based on the 405m summit spot height positioned at NY 80109 07719 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 372m col spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Birkett Hill (NY 801 076)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 403.333m positioned at NY 80139 07676, as opposed to 403.283m positioned at NY 80116 07731 and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 403.3m and this is positioned at NY 80139 07676.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 55 metres south south-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned and is in a different enclosed field.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Great Shunner Fell

Name:  Birkett Hill

OS 1:50,000 map:  91, 92

Summit Height:  403.3m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  NY 80139 07676 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  371.2m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  NY 80115 07491 (LIDAR)

Drop:  32.1m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (April 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Watson’s Pike (NY 893 526) - 22nd summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Watson's Pike (NY 893 526)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Watson’s Pike, and it is adjoined to the Burnhope Seat group of hills, which are situated in the northern Penninnes, and it is positioned with the B6295 road to its west and the B6306 road to its east, and has the village of Allendale towards the north-west.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with 64m of drop, based on the 447m summit spot height adjoined to a triangulation pillar positioned at NY 89151 52787 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 383m col spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Watson's Pike (NY 893 526)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 447.6m positioned at NY 89303 52615, as opposed to 447.4m positioned at NY 89146 52786 and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 447.6m and this is positioned at NY 89303 52615.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 175 metres south-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Burnhope Seat

Name:  Watson’s Pike

OS 1:50,000 map:  87

Summit Height:  447.6m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  NY 89303 52615 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  381.6m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  NY 88511 51931 (LIDAR)

Drop:  66.0m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (March 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Grayrigg Forest (NY 590 003) - 21st summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Grayrigg Forest (NY 590 003)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being listed in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Grayrigg Forest, and it is adjoined to the Grayrigg Forest group of hills, which are situated in the far eastern fells of the Lake District, and it is positioned with a minor road to its west and the A685 road and the M6 motorway to its east, and has the town of Kendal towards the south-west.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with 23m of drop, based on the 439m twin summit map spot heights positioned at NY 59233 00047 that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map and positioned at NY 59090 00316 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 416m col spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, with the summit positioned at NY 592 000 prioritised.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR image of the 438.8m summit positioned at NY 59082 00314

LIDAR image of the 438.2m summit positioned at NY 59230 00041

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 438.8m positioned at NY 59082 00314, as opposed to 438.2m positioned at NY 59230 00041 and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 438.8m and this is positioned at NY 59082 00314.  This position is given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and was the non-prioritised summit listed in the Mapping Mountains Publications booklet published on the 24^th April 2018, and is approximately 300 metres north-westward from where the previously listed prioritised summit is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Grayrigg Forest

Name:  Grayrigg Forest

OS 1:50,000 map:  91

Summit Height:  438.8m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  NY 59082 00314 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  417.1m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SD 59345 99922 (LIDAR)

Drop:  21.6m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (January 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Lag Bank (SD 249 942) - 20th summit relocation

Significant Height Revisions post for Lag Bank

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Lag Bank (SD 249 942)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England y Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Lag Bank, and it is adjoined to the The Old Man of Coniston group of hills, which are situated in the southern fells of the Lake District, and it is positioned with a minor road to its north-west and the A593 road to its south-east, and has the village of Coniston towards the north-east.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25.000 Explorer map

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with 30m of drop, based on the 411m summit spot height positioned at SD 25078 94336 and the 381m col spot height which appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR image of the 410.4m point positioned at SD 25083 94336

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 411.2m positioned at SD 24996 94270, as opposed to 410.4m positioned at SD 25083 94336 and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 411.2m and this is positioned at SD 24996 94270.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 85 metres south-westward from where the previously listed summit is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  The Old Man of Coniston

Name:  Lag Bank

OS 1:50,000 map:  96

Summit Height:  411.2m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SD 24996 94270 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  380.85m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SD 25214 94767 (LIDAR)

Drop:  30.3m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (December 2022) 

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Purdom Pikes (NY 604 919) - 19th summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Purdom Pikes (NY 604 919)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Purdom Pikes, and it is adjoined to the Sighty Crag group of hills, which are situated in the north-eastern part of England, and it is positioned with the B6357 road to its north-west and a minor road to its north-east, and has the village of Kielder towards the north-east.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with 45m of drop, based on the 454m summit spot height adjoined to a triangulation pillar positioned at NY 60568 91945 and the 409m col spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Purdom Pikes (NY 604 919)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 454.0m positioned at NY 60466 91924, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 454.0m and this is positioned at NY 60466 91924.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 100 metres westward from where the previously listed summit is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Sighty Crag

Name:  Purdom Pikes

OS 1:50,000 map:  80

Summit Height:  454.0m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  NY 60466 91924 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  408.3m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  NY 59262 92033 (LIDAR)

Drop:  45.7m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (December 2022)

 

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Cold Stones (SE 125 636) - 18th summit relocation

Hill reclassifications post for Cold Stones

Significant Height Revisions post for Cold Stones

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill prompted by Joe Nuttall who produced a summit analysis programme using LIDAR, and then confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cold Stones (SE 125 636)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill reclassified from the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Cold Stones, and it is adjoined to the Whernside group of hills, which are situated in the Yorkshire Dales, and it is positioned with the B6265 road to its north and a minor road to its west, and has the town of Pateley Bridge towards the east north-east.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was included as a 400m Sub-Four and listed with an estimated c 26m of drop, based on an estimated c 417m summit height positioned at SE 120 641 and a 391m col height, the latter based on the spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, with an accompanying note stating; The one that got away, or more appropriately, the one that was quarried away, as Cold Stones was once an English 400m P30, with an imperial height of 1,403ft (427.6m) recorded for the summit on the OS 1:10,560 map, with the OS enlarged Geograph map giving a height of 391m for the extant col, thereby confirming that the hill used to have 37m of drop.  The summit has been quarried leaving the highpoint of the hill at c 417m (SE 120 641) on the western rim of the former summit dome, thereby reducing the drop to c 26m and relegating the hill to Sub-Four status. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Cold Stones (SE 125 636)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 421.2m positioned at SE 12584 63663 as opposed to 417.3m positioned at SE 12012 64046 for the previously listed summit, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 421.2m and this is positioned at SE 12584 63663.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 600 metres south-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Whernside

Name:  Cold Stones

OS 1:50,000 map:  99

Summit Height:  421.2m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SE 12584 63663 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  390.8m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SE 11773 63538 (LIDAR)

Drop:  30.4m (LIDAR)

 

Our thanks to Ronnie Bowron for bringing the details of this hill to our attention.

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (November 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Great Castle How (NY 307 078) - 17th summit relocation

Hill Reclassifications post for Great Castle How

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill prompted by Joe Nuttall who produced a summit analysis programme using LIDAR, and then confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Great Castle How (NY 307 078)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Great Castle How and it is adjoined to the High Raise group of hills, which are situated in The Lake District (Region 34, Section 34B: The Central and Western Fells), and it is positioned with the B5343 road to its south and the A591 road to its east, and has the village of Grasmere towards the east.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was not included in the accompanying sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria used for this sub category.  With its drop to an adjacent and connecting 500m spot heighted hill which was listed as a Subdodd considered insufficient for qualification. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Great Castle How (NY 307 078)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 498.2m positioned at NY 30791 07836, as opposed to the summit of the previously listed Subdodd which LIDAR gives as 497.7m in height positioned at NY 30773 07598, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies when the high point of the hill is found to be positioned; in a different field, to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation,  within a different map contour, to a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 498.2m and this is positioned at NY 30791 07836.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 240 metres northward from where the previously listed summit is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  High Raise

Name:  Great Castle How

OS 1:50,000 map:  90

Summit Height:  498.2m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  NY 30791 07836 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  472.1m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  NY 30551 07712 (LIDAR)

Drop:  26.0m (LIDAR)

 

Our thanks to Ronnie Bowron for bringing the details of this hill to our attention.

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (November 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Pt. 414.7m (SK 109 679) - 16th summit relocation

Hill Reclassifications post for Pt. 414.7m

Significant Name Changes post for Pt. 414.7m

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived by Joe Nuttall who produced a summit analysis programme using LIDAR, and then by LIDAR analysis initially conducted by Jim Bloomer and subsequently by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Pt. 414.7m (SK 109 679) and Nether Low (SK 110 688)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main listing of The Fours are three categories of sub hills, with this hill reclassified to the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is being listed by the point (Pt. 414.7m) notation as an appropriate name for it either through local enquiry and/or historic research has not been found by the authors, and it is adjoined to the Axe Edge group of hills, which are situated in The Southern Pennines (Region 36), and it is positioned with the A515 road to its south and a minor road to its east, and has the town of Buxton towards the north-west.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with a summit height of 414m based on the spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and which is positioned at SK 11076 68874, with an accompanying note stating; A potential higher summit has been reported by a number of people, including Adrian Rayner and Carole Engel and is positioned at SK 10994 67973.

 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Pt. 414.7m (SK 109 679)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 414.7m positioned at SK 10999 67962 and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 414.7m and this is positioned at SK 10999 67962.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 900 metres southward from where the previously listed summit is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Axe Edge

Name:  Pt. 414.7m

OS 1:50,000 map:  119

Summit Height:  414.7m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SK 10999 67962 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  385.5m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SK 10588 67661 (LIDAR)

Drop:  29.2m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Booth Top (SK 054 680) - 15th summit relocation

Survey post for Booth Top

Significant Name Changes post for Booth Top

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Booth Top (SK 054 680)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main listing of The Fours are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being listed in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Booth Top and this was derived by local enquiry, and it is adjoined to the Axe Edge group of hills, which are situated in the Peak District and placed in Region 36, The Southern Pennines.  The hill is positioned with the A53 road to its west and the B5053 road to its east and has the town of Buxton to the north.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with a summit height of 407m based on the spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map which was positioned at SK 054 680. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Booth Top (SK 054 680)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 407.8m positioned at SK 05478 68102.  However, this is a part of a raised field boundary and protocols dictate that as this is deemed a relatively recent man-made construct such ground is discounted from the height of a hill. 

The raised field boundary atop Booth Top with the natural summit of the hill to the right

The height produced by LIDAR analysis to the natural summit of this hill is 407.6m positioned at SK 05481 68091, and this position in relation to the raised field boundary comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 407.6m and this is to the natural summit of the hill which is positioned at SK 05481 68091.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 10 metres southward from where the high point of the raised field boundary is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Axe Edge

Name:  Booth Top

OS 1:50,000 map:  119

Summit Height:  407.6m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SK 05481 68091 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  379.1m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SK 05720 68021 (LIDAR)

Drop:  28.6m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2022) 

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Long Crags (NT 955 214) - 14th summit relocation

Hill Reclassifications post for Long Crags

Significant Height Revisions post for Long Crags

Significant Name Changes post for Long Crags

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived by Joe Nuttall who produced a summit analysis programme using LIDAR, and then by LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

Long Crags (NT 955 214).  Photo: Aled Williams

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main listing of The Fours are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being listed in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Long Crags, and it is adjoined to the The Cheviot group of hills, which are situated in Northumberland (Region 33: Scottish Border to the River Tyne), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north and the A697 road to its east, and has the town of Wooler towards the north north-east.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was not included in the accompanying sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria used for this sub category.

During the updating of this list for the 2^nd edition this hill was noted and listed with 18m of drop, based on the 432m summit spot height positioned at NT 95699 21058 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Lanranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 414m col spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR image of Long Crags (NT 955 214)

The height produced by LIDAR analysis to the summit of this hill is 439.5m positioned at NT 95597 21432 and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist. 

LIDAR summit image of Long Crags (NT 955 214)

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 439.5m and this is positioned at NT 95597 21432.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 400 metres northward from where the previously listed summit is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  The Cheviot

Name:  Long Crags

OS 1:50,000 map:  74, 75

Summit Height:  439.5m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  NT 95597 21432 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  415.8m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  NT 95503 20955 (LIDAR)

Drop:  23.7m (LIDAR)

 

Our thanks to Ronnie Bowron for bringing the details of this hill to our attention.

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2022)

 

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Scarth (NY 846 162) - 13th summit relocation

 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data and by an on-site Abney level survey conducted by Ronnie Bowron, which was initiated by detail in the summit analysis programme produced by Joe Nuttall, and confirmed by subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Scarth (NY 846 162)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being listed in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Scarth, and it is adjoined to the Cross Fell group of hills, which are situated in the Pennines of northern England, and it is positioned with the B6276 road to its west and the A66 road to its south, and has the small town of Brough towards the west south-west.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with an estimated c 24m of drop, based on an estimated c 481m summit height and an estimated c 457m col height, with both heights based on interpolation of 10m contouring that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The prioritised summit position given for this hill in the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England is NY 848 164, with an accompanying note stating; A second c 480m ring contour positioned at NY 846 162 may be as high and has been estimated as c 481m. 

The details for this hill have now been checked on-site by Ronnie Bowron, who conducted an Abney level survey, resulting in the confirmation that the summit of this hill is positioned at approximately NY 84676 16265. 

The above detail comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are: 

The term Summit Relocations applies when the hill’s high point is found to be positioned; in a different field, to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, placed within a different map contour, to a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist. 

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Scarth (SN 846 162)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 481.3m positioned at NY 84676 16264, as opposed to the previously listed summit which LIDAR analysis gives as 479.6m positioned at NY 84815 16430.

Therefore, the listed summit height of this hill is 481.3m and its new position is NY 84676 16264, this position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 165 metres south-westward from where the previously listed summit is positioned. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Cross Fell

Name:  Scarth

OS 1:50,000 map:  91, 92

Summit Height:  481.3m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  NY 84676 16264 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  459.2m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  NY 84836 16245 (LIDAR)

Drop:  22.1m (LIDAR)

 

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2021)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Standing Stone Hill (SD 950 303) - 12th summit relocation

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data and by an on-site Abney level survey conducted by Ronnie Bowron, which was initiated by Joe Nuttall who produced a summit analysis programme consisting of over 29,600 hills.

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main listing of The Fours are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the Double Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 390m and below 400m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Standing Stone Hill, and it is adjoined to the Pendle group of hills, which are situated in the Pennines of northern England (Region 36: The Southern Pennines), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-east and south, and farther afield it has the A646 road to its south-west and the A6033 road to its east, and has the town of Hebden Bridge towards the south-east.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was not included but was provisionally listed with 20m of drop, based on the 398m summit spot height adjoined to a triangulation pillar and the 378m col spot height that appear on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

These details were subsequently re-assessed against the mapping on the OS Maps website.  This is the replacement for OS Get-a-map and until recent times had contours at 5m intervals which were proving consistently more accurate compared to the 5m contours that sometimes appear on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and used to appear on the online Vector Map Local.  This mapping is digitally updated and the position of the 378m spot height has been checked against the col contours which were between 375m – 380m, resulting in an estimated c 377m col height.

Extract from the OS Maps website

The details for this hill in the spreadsheet produced by Joe Nuttall’s summit analysis programme have now been checked on-site by Ronnie Bowron, who conducted an Abney level survey, resulting in the summit of this hill being positioned at SD 95042 30320 with an estimated summit height of c 399m.

The above detail comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies when the hill’s high point is in a different field, or where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the listed summit height of this hill is now c 399m and its new position is SD 95042 30320, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps and is approximately 60 metres north-westward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Pendle

Name:  Standing Stone Hill

OS 1:50,000 map:  103

Summit Height:  c 399m (relative to triangulation pillar)

Summit Grid Reference (new position):  SD 95042 30320 (hand-held GPS)

Col Height:  c 377m (interpolation)

Col Grid Reference:  SD 94516 30295 (interpolation)

Drop:  c 22m (relative to triangulation pillar summit and interpolated col)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (December 2020)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Cook’s Study Hill (SE 131 041) - 11th summit relocation

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail on historic and contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data and confirmed by subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Cook's Study Hill (SE 131 041)

This was initiated by Joe Nuttall who produced a summit analysis programme that used LIDAR with an alternative height map (DEM) allowing identification of summits and cols and thereby drops.  The resulting spreadsheet that Joe produced contains over 29600 hills.

This spreadsheet is being evaluated by a number of people, including Ronnie Bowron, who passed the details of this hill for evaluation.

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main listing of The Fours are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being listed in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Cook’s Study Hill, and it is adjoined to Bleaklow Head group of hills, which are situated in the Peak District of England (Region 36 The Southern Pennines), and it is positioned with the A6024 road to its north-west, the A628 road to its south and the B6106 road to its north-east, and has the town of Holmfirth towards the north north-east.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with an estimated c 23m of drop, based on the 451m summit spot height positioned at SE 13219 04122 that appears on the Harvey 1:40,000 British Mountain Map to the Dark Peak and an estimated c 428m col height based on interpolation of 5m contouring between 425m – 430m that appear on the OS Maps website.

Extract from the Harvey 1:40,000 British Mountain Map to the Dark Peak

The details for this hill have now been re- assessed against the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps, and this mapping gives a 1486ft / 452.9m Bench Mark height positioned at SE 131 041.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

LIDAR summit image of Cook's Study Hill (SE 131 041)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 451.7m positioned at SE 13115 04132, as opposed to 450.1m positioned at SE 13221 04111, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies when the hill’s high point is in a different field, or where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

 

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 451.7m and this is positioned at SE 13115 04132.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 105 metres westward from where the 451m spot height appears on the Harvey 1:40,000 British Mountain Map to the Dark Peak.

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Bleaklow Head

Name:  Cook’s Study Hill

OS 1:50,000 map:  110

Summit Height:  451.7m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SE 13115 04132 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  428.0m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SE 12959 04077 (LIDAR)

Drop:  23.7m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2020)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Rushy Knowe (NY 681 820) - 10th summit relocation

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data.

This was initiated by Joe Nuttall who produced a summit analysis programme that used LIDAR with an alternative height map (DEM) allowing identification of summits and cols and thereby drops.  The resulting spreadsheet that Joe produced contains over 29600 hills.

This spreadsheet is being evaluated by a number of people, including Ronnie Bowron, who passed the details of this hill for evaluation.

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main listing of The Fours are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being listed in the 390m Double Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 390m and below 400m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Rushy Knowe, and it is adjoined to Sighty Crag group of hills, which are situated in the north-eastern part of England (Region 33 Scottish Border to the River Tyne), and it is positioned with a minor road and Kielder Water to its north, and has the village of Bellingham towards the east.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed with an estimated c 28m of drop, based on the 397m summit spot height positioned at NY 677 817 and an estimated c 369m col height based on interpolation of 10m contouring between 360m – 370m that appear on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The details for this hill have now been re-assessed against Ordnance Survey data hosted on the Magic Maps website, and this mapping gives a 398m spot height on the summit area of this hill positioned at NY 681 820.

Extract from the Magic Maps website

This new summit position and interpolation of col contouring were also re-assessed against the OS Maps website.  This is the replacement for OS Get-a-map and has contours at 5m intervals which are proving consistently more accurate compared to the 5m contours that sometimes appear on Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer maps and used to appear on the online Vector Map Local.  This re-assessment resulted in the estimated col height for this hill being amended to c 371m, with this based on interpolation of 5m contouring between 370m – 375m.

Extract from the OS Maps website

The above detail comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies when the hill’s high point is in a different field, or where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the listed summit height of this hill is now 398m and its new position is NY 68108 82036, this position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 350 metres north-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Sighty Crag

Name:  Rushy Knowe

OS 1:50,000 map:  80

Summit Height:  398m (spot height)

Summit Grid Reference (new position):  NY 68108 82036 (spot height)

Col Height:  c 371m (interpolation)

Col Grid Reference:  NY 67304 81373 (interpolation)

Drop:  c 27m (spot height summit and interpolated col)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2020)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Green Side (NT 906 076) - 9th summit relocation

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis.

This was initiated by Joe Nuttall who produced a summit analysis programme that used LIDAR with an alternative height map (DEM) allowing identification of summits and cols and thereby drops.  The resulting spreadsheet that Joe produced contains over 29600 hills.

This spreadsheet is being evaluated by DoBIH Editors and others, and for this particular hill it was Jim Bloomer who initially assessed its height and that of its adjacent peak via LIDAR analysis.

Myrddyn Phillips then evaluated this hill’s details via LIDAR analysis and confirmed its height and hence its summit relocation and addition as a 390m Sub-Four.

LIDAR image of Green Side (NT 906 076)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main listing of The Fours are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being added to the 390m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 390m and below 400m in height that have 30m minimum drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Green Side, and it is adjoined to The Cheviot group of hills, which are situated in the north-eastern part of England (Region 33 Scottish Border to the River Tyne), and it is positioned with a minor road to its south-east and farther afield has the A68 road to its south-west, the B6341 road to its south-east and the A697 road to its east, and has the town of Rothbury towards the east south-east.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was not classified but was listed with an estimated c 17m of drop, based on the 389m summit height adjoined to a triangulation pillar that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and an estimated c 372 col height based on interpolation of 5m contouring between 370m – 375m that appear on the OS Maps website.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Approximately 1km to the north-east of the triangulation pillar atop Green Side is the hill named Lord’s Seat.  The flush bracket adjoined to this trig pillar is given as 389.534m and positioned at NT 90299 07313 in the OS Trig Database, with its map height given as 389m.  As the map height of Lord’s Seat is 392m it was this hill that was classified as the 390m Sub-Four with c 53m of drop.

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for these two hills could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis for these two hills is given below:

Lord’s Seat:  392.2m at NT 91281 07968 and NT 91282 07966

Green Side:  395.5m at NT 90695 07602

The above detail comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies when the hill’s high point is in a different field, or where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity and the highest point is not where previously given, or when it is positioned to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, or when the high point of the hill is placed within a different map contour, or when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

  

As Green Side is higher than Lord’s Seat the respective cols are swapped and Green Side becomes the 390m Sub-Four.  However, the subsequent drop for Lord’s Seat is sufficient for it to be classified as a 390m Double Sub-Four.

LIDAR image of Green Side and Lord's Seat

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 395.5m and this is positioned at NT 90695 07602, this is approximately 400 metres north-eastward from where the triangulation pillar is positioned and approximately 600 metres south-westward from where the old listed summit of Lord’s Seat is positioned.

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  The Cheviot

Name:  Green Side

OS 1:50,000 map:  80

Summit Height:  395.5m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (new position):  NT 90695 07602 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  339.5m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  NT 90531 07919 (LIDAR)

Drop:  56.0m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2020)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

AS LATEST LIDAR ANALYSIS GIVES WOOD BARROW AS HIGHER THAN CHAPMAN BARROWS THE QUALIFYING HILL IS NOW LISTED AS WOOD BARROW (SS 716 425)

Chapman Barrows (SS 700 434) - 8th summit relocation

Significant Name Changes post for Chapman Barrows

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams. 

LIDAR image of Chapman Barrows (SS 700 434) and Wood Barrow (SS 716 425)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Chapman Barrows, and it is adjoined to the Dunkery Beacon group of hills, which are situated in the counties of Somerset and Devon, and it is positioned with the A39 road to its north-west and the B3358 road to its south, and has the small community of Parracombe towards the west north-west.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, the qualifying 400m Sub-Four hill was listed as Wood Barrow (SS 716 425) with 22m of drop, based on the 480m summit spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and a 458m col height, based on the spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, with an accompanying note stating:

Although Chapman Barrows at SS 700 434 has a 480m map height, it is not listed as a twin Sub-Four as its 480.093m flush bracket height means ground at the base of the trig pillar will be below 480m.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for the summit of this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

LIDAR summit image of Chapman Barrows (SS 700 434)

The height produced by LIDAR analysis to the high point of Chapman Barrows is 479.8m positioned at SS 70003 43472 and to the high point of Wood Barrow is 479.7m positioned at SS 71627 42506, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are: 

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 479.8m and this is positioned at SS 70003 43472.  This position is adjacent to where the 480m spot height appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 1.8km north-westward from the high point of Wood Barrow.

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Dunkery Beacon

Name:  Chapman Barrows

OS 1:50,000 map:  180

Summit Height:  479.8m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SS 70003 43472 (LIDAR) 

 

Col Height:  457.4m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SS 72610 42583 (LIDAR)

Drop:  22.4m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (March 2019)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Exford South Common (SS 808 374) - 7th summit relocation

Significant Name Changes post for Exford South Common

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis initially conducted by Aled Williams and subsequently by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Exford South Common (SS 808 374)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are: 

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Fours, the 390m Sub-Fours and the 390m Double Sub-Fours.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Exford South Common and this was derived from the Tithe map, and it is adjoined to the Dunkery Beacon group of hills, which are situated in Exmoor in the county of Somerset, and it is positioned with the B3224 road to its north and minor roads to its west and east, and has the villages of Simonsbath to the west north-west and Exford to the east north-east.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed with 35m of drop, based on the 412m summit spot height positioned at SS 809 375 and the 377m col spot height that appear on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for the summit of this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

LIDAR summit image of Exford South Common (SS 808 374)

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 411.6m positioned at SS 80892 37483,  and as this position is in a different field compared to where the spot height appears it comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist. 

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 411.6m and this is positioned at SS 80892 37483.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 42 metres south-westward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Dunkery Beacon

Name:  Exford South Common

OS 1:50,000 map:  181

Summit Height:  411.6m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SS 80892 37483 (LIDAR)  

Col Height:  377.2m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SS 80338 38959 (LIDAR)

Drop:  34.4m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2018)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Cefn Fron (SO 165 838) - 6th summit relocation

Significant Name Changes post for Cefn Fron

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis initially conducted by Aled Williams and subsequently by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Cefn Fron (SO 165 838)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill classified in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Cilfaesty group of hills, which are situated in the Welsh borders, and it is positioned with the B4368 road to its north and the B4355 road to its south, and has the small community of Felindre towards the south and the town of Trefyclo (Knighton) towards the south-east.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed as a 400m Sub-Four with 22m of drop, based on the 414m summit spot height positioned at SO 166 840 and the 392m col spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map with the summit position ascertained from initial LIDAR analysis circled

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR summit image of Cefn Fron (SO 165 838)

Initial LIDAR analysis gave the summit position as SO 16547 83808, with the latest available LIDAR giving the highest ground on this hill as 415.6m positioned at SO 16549 83829, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are: 

The term Summit Relocations applies when the high point of the hill is found to be positioned; in a different field, to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation,  within a different map contour, to a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist. 

Therefore, the summit height produced by the latest LIDAR analysis is 415.6m and this is positioned at SO 16549 83829.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 170 metres southward from where the previously listed summit was positioned.

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Cilfaesty

Name:  Cefn Fron

OS 1:50,000 map:  136

Summit Height:  415.6m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SO 16549 83829 (LIDAR)

  

Col Height:  391.65m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  SO 16752 84287 (LIDAR)

Drop:  23.9m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2018)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

High Hill (SD 833 636) - 5th summit relocation

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in The Fours initiated by LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.  The Fours is the title for the list of 400m hills of England and is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams with the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation affects are:

English hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list of The Fours are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being classified in the 390m Sub-Fours.  The criteria for 390m Sub-Four status are all English hills at and above 390m and below 400m in height that have 30m minimum drop. 

The name of the hill is High Hill and it is situated in Region 35; The Northern and Central Pennines, Section 35B; The Central Pennines, and is positioned with the B 6480 road to its west which joins the A 65 road to its south south-west, and has the small town of Settle to its west.

As the upper section of the hill is a part of designated open access land an ascent is feasible from most directions, with a public footpath heading west to east and placed to the north of the summit and relatively easy access from a minor road to the south.

The summit area of this hill has a 390m uppermost contour that is given a 398m spot height positioned at SD 83244 63492 on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, and this is where the summit of the hill was listed in the 1^st edition of The Fours when published by Europeaklist in December 2013.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website with the summit position circled

The highest land in the 390m ring contour was analysed via LIDAR by Myrddyn Phillips.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique is highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

The summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 398.3m and is positioned at SD 83338 63674, this position is not given a spot height on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, although it and that of the previously listed summit both possess an uppermost 395m ring contour on OS Maps.

LIDAR image of the summit area of High Hill

Therefore, the confirmation of the relocated summit position is at SD 83338 63674 and this is approximately 200 metres north north-east from where the previous listed 398m map heighted summit was given in the 1^st edition of The Fours.

The full details for the hill are:

Cardinal Hill:  Pen y Ghent

Summit Height:  398.3m (LIDAR)

Name:  High Hill

OS 1:50,000 map:  98

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SD 83338 63674 (LIDAR)  

Drop:  40.2m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (June 2018)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Addlebrough (SD 947 878) - 4th summit relocation

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in The Fours initiated by an Abney level survey conducted by Jim Bloomer.  The Fours is the title for the list of 400m hills of England and is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams with the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24.04.18.

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation affects are:

English hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have a minimum 30m of drop.

The name of the hill is Addlebrough and it is situated in The Northern and Central Pennines (Region 35, Section 35B) with its Cardinal Hill being Whernside (SD 738 814), and it is positioned with the A 684 road and the River Ure to its north and the B 6160 road and the Bishopdale Beck to its south-east, and has the village of Bainbridge towards the north north-west.

As the upper section of the hill is a part of designated open access land an ascent is feasible from most directions, with public footpaths accessing the open access land from a minor road to the west of the hill which gives a relatively easy route to the summit.

The summit area of this hill has an uppermost 480m ring contour on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps positioned at SD 945 880 and this is the position given for the summit of the hill in the 1^st edition of The Fours published by Europeaklist in December 2013, however since the 1^st edition of this list was published the summit has been Abney levelled and the position of its high point confirmed as SD 94746 87874.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website with the summit position circled

Therefore, the confirmation of the relocated summit position is at SD 94746 87874 and this consists of featureless ground just south of a wall, this position is approximately 250 metres south-eastward from where the summit position was given in the 1^st edition of The Fours.

The full details for the hill are:

Cardinal Hill:  Whernside

Summit Height:  c 481m

Name:  Addlebrough

OS 1:50,000 map:  98

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SD 94746 87874 (Abney level) 

Drop:  c 94m

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (June 2018)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Knot (NY 650 091) - 3rd summit relocation

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Knot (NY 650 091)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills; the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Knot and it is situated in The Northern and Central Pennines (Region 35, Section 35A), and is positioned with the A66 road to its north-east, the M6 motorway to its west and the A685 road to its south and has a number of minor roads encircling it, and has the small community of Orton towards the west south-west and Great Asby towards the north-east.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, the summit of this hill was listed as 412m and its prioritised position given as NY 646 092, based on the position of a triangulation pillar which is given a 412.699m flush bracket height at NY 64696 09226 in the OS Trig Database.

The summit area of this hill has two uppermost 410m ring contours, aligned west - east, with a 412m spot height given to the triangulation pillar which is based in the western ring contour, whilst the eastern ring contour has a second 412m spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website with the summit position circled

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 413.1m positioned at NY 65064 09121, as opposed to the highest ground near the triangulation pillar which LIDAR gives as 412.4m positioned at NY 64694 09204, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.The highest land in each of these ring contours was analysed via LIDAR by Myrddyn Phillips.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique is highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 413.1m and this is positioned at NY 65064 09121.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 370 metres eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Tarn Crag

Name:  Knot

OS 1:50,000 map:  91

Summit Height:  413.1m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  NY 65064 09121 (LIDAR)

Col Height:  279.0m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference:  NY 56898 11385 (LIDAR)

Drop:  134.1m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (May 2018)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Willstone Hill (SO 485 943) - 2nd summit relocation

Survey post for Willstone Hill

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey conducted by Myrddyn Phillips with assistance from Mark Trengove and Bob Kerr. 

Willstone Hill (SO 485 943)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are: 

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England.  English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the 1^st edition of the booklet containing this list published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and by Haroldstreet in January 2014.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The name the hill is listed by is Willstone Hill and it is adjoined to the Stiperstones group of hills, which are situated in the county of Shropshire close to the Welsh border, and it is positioned with a minor road to its north-east and east, the A49 road to its west and the B4371 road to its south, and has the town of Church Stretton towards the west south-west.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed with an estimated c 20m of drop, based on the 403m summit spot height positioned at SO 48529 94339 that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated c 383m col height, based on interpolation of 5m contouring between 380m - 385m.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until the survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 and subsequent LIDAR analysis that an accurate height and position could be attained for the heath land summit that the spot height is adjoined to and a rock outcrop that is not given a spot height on either the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger or the 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Bob on the summit of Willstone Hill

The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Willstone Hill (SO 485 943)

The Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey gives the highest ground on this hill as 404.65m positioned at SO 48564 94370, this is adjoined to a small rock outcrop.  Whilst subsequent LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) analysis gives the highest ground on the adjacent heath land summit where the 403m spot height appears as 404.2m positioned at SO 48537 94344, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

LIDAR image of Willstone Hill (SO 485 943)

Therefore, the summit height produced by the Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey is 404.65m and this is positioned at SO 48564 94370.  This position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and the 1:25,000 Explorer map and is to a different feature approximately 57 metres north-eastward from where the 403m spot height appears and from where LIDAR gives the high point of the adjoined heath land summit to be positioned.

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Stiperstones

Name:  Willstone Hill

OS 1:50,000 map:  137, 138

Summit Height:  404.65m (converted to OSGM15)

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SO 48564 94370

  

Col Height:  382.2m (converted to OSGM15)

Col grid Reference:  SO 48190 94230

Drop:  22.4m

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2016)

Mapping Mountains - Summit Relocations - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

The Wrekin (SJ 628 081) - 1st summit relocation

Survey post for The Wrekin
  

There has been a Summit Relocations to the listing of The Fours initiated by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000, with the survey that resulted in the following details taking place on 3^rd August 2015.  The Fours are the English 400m hills that have a minimum drop of 30m.

The survey was conducted in the Shropshire hills to the south-west of Wellington which forms a part of Telford, and was conducted during a walk in the company of Charlie Leventon, who had suggested visiting the hill.

The name of the hill is The Wrekin and it is one of the most popular hills in Shropshire with many thousands of visitors each year ascending its well-maintained north-easterly path.  However, the great majority of these people only visit the triangulation pillar which stands near to a panoramic viewfinder.  The trig pillar is given the height of 407m on current Ordnance Survey maps and its flush bracket given the height of 407.106m in the OS Trig Database.  But the hill also has a northerly summit which is of similar height to the ground beside the trig pillar; this was commented on by Charlie in a Summitsup post on his blog dated 16^th October 2014.  When data were processed Charlie sent me details to an Ordanance Survey block that is positioned on the northern summit and just below the highest point where the Trimble collected data from, the height given it on the Trigpointing UK site is 406.798m. 

The hill is listed in The Fours with its summit position previously given as SJ 628 080 which is the position of the 407m trig point on current Ordnance Survey maps.  The northerly summit and the highest ground beside the trig pillar were surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 and the results appear below:

Northerly summit:  406.9m (406.883m to three decimal places and converted to OSGM15) at SJ 62832 08197.

Ground beside trig:  406.7m (406.746m to three decimal places and converted to OSGM15) at SJ 62807 08094

The position of the relocated summit is at SJ 62832 08197 and is the top of featureless ground that mainly consists of earth with grass beside it, this position is not given a spot height on current Ordnance Survey maps but the survey result with the Trimble GeoXh 6000 gave it as 0.14m higher when compared to the highest ground beside the triangulation pillar.

The full details for the hill are:

Cardinal Hill:  The Wrekin

Summit Height:  406.9m (converted to OSGM15)

Name:  The Wrekin

OS 1:50,000 map:  127

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SJ 62832 08197

  

Drop:  310m

The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the new summit position of The Wrekin, with the old position of the summit beside the triangulation pillar in the background of this photo

For details on the survey that relocated the summit of this hill please click {here}

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2015)