Myrddyn Phillips - Mapping Mountains: September 2022

Friday, 30 September 2022

Mapping Mountains – Significant Name Changes – The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England – Significant Name Changes

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England are the English hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. Accompanying the main list are three sub lists; these are the 400m Sub-Fours, 390m Sub-Fours and 390m Double Sub-Fours. With their criteria detailed in the Change Registers which are linked in the above titles.

The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the posts that have appeared on Mapping Mountains detailing the Significant Name Changes to the main P30 list and the sub lists appear below presented chronologically in receding order.

Postscript: On the 10^th July 2024 the final group of hills in the updated version of this list were published on the Mapping Mountains site. It was also announced that the sub hills accompanying the main listing of The Fours – The 400m Hills of England now take in just one category, this category is entitled the Sub-Fours.

Therefore, the 390m Sub-Fours and 390m Double Sub-Fours have been dispensed with and the criteria for the 400m Sub-Fours that included English hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m and more and below 30m of drop, have been amended to include English hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 15m and more and below 30m of drop and their title changed to the Sub-Fours.

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England
Cefn Bach (SO 270 390) - 54th significant name change

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams and Myrddyn Phillips.
LIDAR image of Cefn Bach (SO 270 390)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England. English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list is a sub list entitled the Sub-Fours, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 15m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillipsand Aled Williams and is available to download in Google Doc format from the Mapping Mountains site.
The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Waun Fach group of hills, which are situated in the county of Herefordshire close to the Welsh border, and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-east and south-west, and the B4348 road farther to its north, and has the town of Y Gelli Gandryll (Hay-on-Wye) towards the north-west.
Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map

When the listing that later became known as the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was first compiled this hill appeared under the name of Cefn Hill, which is a prominent name that appears beside the summit of the hill on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map. And it was this name that the hill was listed as when the 1^st edition of the list was published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and when the 2^nd edition of the list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.
Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, with originating Cymraeg names being anglicised and also originating English names being cymricised, examples such as these are more common in border country and especially so for anglicised forms. There is no steadfast rule that fits all, but as a standard a name that has its origins in the Welsh language and where this is substantiated by either historic documentation and/or contemporary usage should be prioritised in favour of a contemporary anglicised or part or whole English version of the name.

The listed name of this hill was reviewed by Aled Williams for the July 2024 publication of this list by Mapping Mountains and was subsequently altered with the following appearing in the Notes section accompanying its listing:

Name is documented in numerous sources as Cefn Bach up until at the least the mid-19^th century, although Cefn Hill may now be the local form in use.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Cefn Bach and this was derived from a numer of documented sources up until at least the mid-19^th century.

The full details for the hill are:
Group: Waun Fach
Name: Cefn Bach
Previously Listed Name: Cefn Hill
OS 1:50,000 map: 161
Summit Height: 487.4m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference: SO 27090 39063 (LIDAR)
Col Height: 422.4m (LIDAR)
Col Grid Reference: SO 26671 38084 (LIDAR)
Drop: 65.0m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England
Ale Oak Bank (SO 224 835) - 53rd significant name change
Summit Relocations post for Ale Oak Bank

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis initially conducted by Aled Williams and subsequently by Myrddyn Phillips.
LIDAR image of Ale Oak Bank (SO 224 835)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England. English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list is a sub list entitled the Sub-Fours, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 15m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillipsand Aled Williams and is available to download in Google Doc format from the Mapping Mountains site.
The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Cilfaesty group of hills, which are situated in the county of Shropshire close to the Welsh border, and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-east and north-west, and the B4368 road to its south-west, and has the town of Clun towards the east south-east.

During the updating of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England prior to the 1^st edition publication by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was provisionally listed by Myrddyn Phillips under the transposed name of Clun Forest, which was a prominent name that appeared near its summit on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.
Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original compilation of this list there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites.  One of the historic maps now available online is the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is the Draft Surveyors map that formed the basis of the initial change in the listed name of this hill.

The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales and its border country are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18^th century and the mid-19^th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps, and it is this map that places the name Fron Hill close to the summit of this hill.
Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map

Consequently, this hill appeared under the name of Fron Hill when the 1^st edition of The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and the 2^nd edition of The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.

The listed name of this hill was reviewed by Aled Williams for the July 2024 publication of this list by Mapping Mountains and was subsequently altered with the following appearing in the Notes section accompanying its listing:

Name taken from 1847 inclosure award. The place-name Ale Oak is a rendering of the originating Welsh name Derwen y Cwrw. The land-name Fron Hill recorded in 1816 (OS) may only apply to the western hillside, which is recorded as Fron Aber Dwynant in the 1847 inclosure award.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Ale Oak Bank and this was derived from the 1847 inclosure award.

The full details for the hill are:
Group: Cilfaesty
Name: Ale Oak Bank
Previously Listed Name: Fron Hill
OS 1:50,000 map: 137
Summit Height: 413.0m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference: SO 22428 83599 (LIDAR)
Col Height: 391.7m (LIDAR)
Col Grid Reference: SO 22050 84209 (LIDAR)
Drop: 21.3m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2024)

On the 10^th July 2024 the Sub hills accompanying the main listing of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England were amended. The 390m Sub-Fours and 390m Double Sub-Fours have been dispensed with, and the remaining 400m Subs are now entitled the Sub-Fours and their criteria amended to include all English hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 15m and more and below 30m of drop.

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Bron Wennyly (SX 158 799) - 52nd significant name change

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams and Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Bron Wennyly (SX 158 799)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England. English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, these are the 400m Sub-Fours, the 390m Sub-Fours and the 390m Double Sub-Fours. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is the highest point in its own group and therefore the group takes on its name; the Bron Wennyly group of hills, which are situated in Bodmin Moor in the south-west of the country, and it is positioned with a minor road to its north, the A39 road to its north-west, the B3266 road to its west and the A30 road to its south-east, and has the town of Camelford towards the north-west.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was originally compiled by Myrddyn Phillips this hill appeared under the name of Brown Willy; which is a prominent name that appears close to the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and this was also the name the hill appeared as when the list was uploaded to the RHB Yahoo group file database.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

This was also the name the hill was listed as when the 1^st edition of the The Fours now co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams was published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and when the 2^nd edition of The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.

The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, however as a general protocol the authors prioritise originating names for languages such as Cornish over their anglicised versions.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Bron Wennyly, with the prioritised language protocol being used and the spelling following that recommended in Standard Written Form which is adopted by the Cornish Language Partnership for educational and official use.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Bron Wennyly

Name: Bron Wennyly

Previously Listed Name: Brown Willy

OS 1:50,000 map: 201

Summit Height: 420.3m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SX 15873 79998 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 97.6m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SX 26873 01530 (LIDAR)

Drop: 322.7m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (April 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Western White Barrow (SX 653 654) - 51st significant name change

There has been a Significant Name Change that is retrospective to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Western White Barrow (SX 653 654)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Ryder’s Hill group of hills, which are situated in Dartmoor in the south-west of the country, and it is positioned with the B3357 road to its north and the A38 road to its south, and has the town of Ivybridge towards the south.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was originally compiled by Myrddyn Phillips this hill appeared under the name of Quickbeam Hill; which is a prominent name that appears to the south of its summit on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and this was also the name the hill appeared as when the list was uploaded to the RHB Yahoo group file database.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, the listed name of this hill was amended and given as Western White Barrow when the 1^st edition of the The Fours now co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams was published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and when the 2^nd edition of The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Western White Barrow and this was derived from a variety of Ordnance Survey maps, including the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Ryder’s Hill

Name: Western White Barrow

Previously Listed Name: Quickbeam Hill

OS 1:50,000 map: 202

Summit Height: 481.1m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SX 65357 65476 & SX 65355 65481 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 446.2m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SX 64732 66796 (LIDAR)

Drop: 34.9m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (April 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Three Barrows (SX 652 626) - 50th significant name change

Significant Height Revisions post for Three Barrows

LIDAR image of Three Barrows (SX 652 626)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Ryder’s Hill group of hills, which are situated in Dartmoor in the south-west of the country, and it is positioned with a series of minor roads to its south-west and south-east, and the B3213 road and the A38 road to its south, and has the town of Ivybridge towards the south.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was originally compiled by Myrddyn Phillips this hill appeared under the name of Ugborough Moor; which is a prominent name that appears close to its summit on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and this was also the name the hill appeared as when the list was uploaded to the RHB Yahoo group file database.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, the listed name of this hill was amended and given as Three Barrows when the 1^st edition of the The Fours now co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams was published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and when the 2^nd edition of The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Three Barrows and this was derived from a variety of Ordnance Survey maps, including the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Ryder’s Hill

Name: Three Barrows

Previously Listed Name: Ugborough Moor

OS 1:50,000 map: 202

Summit Height: 461.3m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SX 65286 62610 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 426.7m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SX 65153 63316 (LIDAR)

Drop: 34.6m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (March 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

White Tor (SX 542 786) - 49th significant name change

LIDAR image of White Tor (SX 542 786)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the High Willhays group of hills, which are situated in Dartmoor in the south-west of the country, and it is positioned with a minor road to its north-west, the A386 road to its west and the B3357 road to its south, and has the town of Tavistock towards the south-west.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was originally compiled by Myrddyn Phillips this hill appeared under the name of Cudlipptown Down; which is a prominent name that appears close to its summit on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and this was also the name the hill appeared as when the list was uploaded to the RHB Yahoo group file database.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, the listed name of this hill was amended and given as White Tor when the 1^st edition of the The Fours now co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams was published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and when the 2^nd edition of The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is White Tor and this was derived from a variety of Ordnance Survey maps, including the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: High Willhays

Name: White Tor

Previously Listed Name: Cudlipptown Down

OS 1:50,000 map: 191, 201

Summit Height: 468.9m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SX 54288 78667 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 438.6m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SX 54998 78886 (LIDAR)

Drop: 30.25m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (March 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Corndon Tor (SX 685 741) - 48th significant name change

LIDAR image of Corndon Tor (SX 685 741)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the High Willhays group of hills, which are situated in Dartmoor in the south-west of the country, and it is positioned with a minor road to its west, south and east, and the B3357 road farther to its west, and has the village of Princetown towards the west.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was originally compiled by Myrddyn Phillips this hill appeared under the name of Corndon Down; which is a prominent name that appears close to its summit on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the list was uploaded to the RHB Yahoo group file database the listed name of this hill was given as Corndon Tor, and this was also the name it appeared as when the 1^st edition of the The Fours now co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams was published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and when the 2^nd edition of The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Corndon Tor and this was derived from a variety of Ordnance Survey maps, including the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: High Willhays

Name: Corndon Tor

Previously Listed Name: Corndon Down

OS 1:50,000 map: 191

Summit Height: 435.1m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SX 68595 74150 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 338.0m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SX 68102 76285 (LIDAR)

Drop: 97.1m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (March 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

South Hessary Tor (SX 597 723) - 47th significant name change

Significant Height Revisions post for South Hessary Tor

Summit Relocations post for South Hessary Tor

There has been a Significant Name Change that is retrospective and based on a summit relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of South Hessary Tor (SX 597 723)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England. English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, the 400m Sub-Four category, the 390m Sub-Four category and the 390m Double Sub-Four category. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the High Willhays group of hills, which are situated in Dartmoor in the south-west of the country, and it is positioned with the B3212 road to its north-west and a minor road to its east, and has the village of Princetown towards the north-west.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was originally compiled by Myrddyn Phillips this hill appeared under the directional name of South Hessary Tor North Top with a summit height of 451m positioned at SX 594 730, based on the spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours now co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed as South Hessary Tor with a 454m summit height positioned at SX 597 723, based on the spot height that appears on the Harvey Maps 1:40,000 British Mountain Map to Dartmoor. This is also the name, summit height and position used when the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.

Extract from the Harvey Maps 1:40,000 British Mountain Map to Dartmoor

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

The height produced by LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 454.1m positioned at SX 59712 72361, as opposed to the originally listed summit position of 450.7m positioned at SX 59448 73056.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is South Hessary Tor and this was instigated from a summit relocation.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: High Willhays

Name: South Hessary Tor

Previously Listed Name: South Hessary Tor North Top

OS 1:50,000 map: 191

Summit Height: 454.1m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SX 59712 72361 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 418.9m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SX 58746 73462 (LIDAR)

Drop: 35.2m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (March 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Belstone Tor (SX 614 920) - 46th significant name change

LIDAR image of Belstone Tor (SX 614 920)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the High Willhays group of hills, which are situated in Dartmoor in the south-west of the country, and it is positioned with a minor road and the A30 road to its north, and has the town of Okehampton towards the north-west.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was originally compiled by Myrddyn Phillips this hill appeared under the name of Belstone Common; which is a prominent name that appears close to its summit on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and this was also the name it appeared as when the list was uploaded to the RHB Yahoo group file database.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours now co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, the listed name of this hill was amended to Belstone Tor, with an accompanying note stating; Also recorded by Ordnance Survey as Higher Tor with the position of Belstone Tor and Higher Tor reversed on early Ordnance Survey maps (Draft Surveyors Map and One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map).

Consequently, the listed name of this hill was also given as Belstone Tor when the 2^nd edition of The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Belstone Tor and this was derived from a variety of Ordnance Survey maps, including the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: High Willhays

Name: Belstone Tor

Previously Listed Name: Belstone Common

OS 1:50,000 map: 191

Summit Height: 479.8m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SX 61434 92025 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 430.7m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SX 61118 91403 (LIDAR)

Drop: 49.0m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (February 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Swell Tor (SX 559 733) - 45th significant name change

LIDAR image of Swell Tor (SX 559 733)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England. English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the High Willhays group of hills, which are situated in Dartmoor in the south-west of the country, and it is positioned with the B3357 road to its north, a minor road to its west south-west and the B3212 road to its south-east, and has the town of Tavistock towards the west.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was originally compiled by Myrddyn Phillips this hill appeared under the directional name of King’s Tor South-east Top, with an accompanying note stating; Author’s name from tor to the North-west.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

During the original compilation of this list the author thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day or as in this instance use a directional name based on supplanting the name of a near hill and adding a directional component to it. This is not a practice that is now advocated as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

The three volume set of A Descrption of the Part of Devonshire Bordering on the Tamar and Tavy

The title page

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours now co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was listed under the name of Swell Tor with an accompanying note stating; Name recorded as Swell Tor and Swill Tor in A Description of the Part of Devonshire Bordering on the Tamar and the Tavy by A. E. Bray (1836).

Extract from the book

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Swell Tor, and this was derived from the book entitled A Description of the Part of Devonshire Bordering on the Tamar and the Tavy which is authored by A. E. Bray and first published in 1836.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: High Willhays

Name: Swell Tor

Previously Listed Name: King’s Tor South-east Top

OS 1:50,000 map: 191

Summit Height: 402.9m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SX 55996 73357 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 375.7m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SX 56355 73333 (LIDAR)

Drop: 27.2m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (February 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Lucott Moor (SS 844 429) - 44th significant name change

LIDAR image of Lucott Moor (SS 844 429)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Dunkery Beacon group of hills, which are situated in the counties of Somerset and Devon, and it is positioned with a minor road to its north-west and east, the A39 road to its north, the B3223 road to its west and the B3224 road to its south, and has the village of Porlock towards the north-east.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was originally compiled this hill appeared under the name of Black Mires; which is a prominent name that appears close to its summit on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and this was also the name it appeared as when the list was uploaded to the RHB Yahoo group file database.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original compilation of this list there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites. Two of the historic maps now available online are the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map and the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is these maps coupled with detail on the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps that formed the basis in the change in the listed name of this hill.

The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps are now available online and they bridge the time frame between the late 18^th century and the mid-19^th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps.

The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map was the first map that Ordnance Survey produced, and their publication culminated from the whole of Britain being surveyed between 1791 and 1874 and the detail gathered therein produced at a scale of one inch to the mile and published in sheet format between 1805 and 1874. The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ maps are now available online; they are also available in map format as enlarged and re-projected versions to match the scale and dimensions of the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger series and are published by Cassini. This series of maps form another important part in the study of upland place-names and bridge the timeframe leading up to the production of the Ordnance Survey base map of the Six-Inch series. Importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is these two maps that give the name Lucott Hill applying to this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Lucott Moor and this was derived from a variety of Ordnance Survey maps, including the series of Six-Inch maps and the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Dunkery Beacon

Name: Lucott Moor

Previously Listed Name: Black Mires

OS 1:50,000 map: 181

Summit Height: 465.6m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SS 84453 42946 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 423.8m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SS 82529 41801 (LIDAR)

Drop: 41.8m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (February 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Five Barrows Hill (SS 732 368) - 43rd significant name change

LIDAR image of Five Barrows Hill (SS 732 368)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Dunkery Beacon group of hills, which are situated in the counties of Somerset and Devon, and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B3358 road farther to its north and the A399 road farther to its west, and has the small community of Simonsbath towards the north-east.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of Engalnd was originally compiled this hill appeared under the name of Five Burrows Hill; which is the composition of the name that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map has the composition of Five Barrows given to the series of ancient tumuli that are positioned on the summit area of this hill and also the name of Five Barrows Cross given to an intersection of roads to the south of the summit. The composition of the latter name also appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, with both maps favouring the composition of Barrow over that of Burrow.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map

Since the original compilation of this list there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites, and it is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps that formed the basis of the compositional change in the listed name of this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Historical 1:25,000 map

Therefore, the name composition this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Five Barrows Hill and this was derived from a variety of Ordnance Survey maps including the series of Six-Inch maps and the Historical 1:25,000 map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Dunkery Beacon

Name: Five Barrows Hill

Previously Listed Name: Five Burrows Hill

OS 1:50,000 map: 180

Summit Height: 493.3m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SS 73241 36806 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 411.2m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SS 71978 40661 (LIDAR)

Drop: 82.1m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (February 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Castle Common (SS 709 392) - 42nd significant name change

LIDAR image of Castle Common (SS 709 392)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Dunkery Beacon group of hills, which are situated in the counties of Somerset and Devon, and it is positioned with a minor road to its north-west and immediate south, the B3358 road to its north and the A399 road farther to its west, and has the small community of Simonsbath towards the east.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of Engalnd was originally compiled this hill appeared under the name of Shoulsbarrow Common; a name that appears on the northern side of the ridge fence on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and this was also the name it appeared as when the list was uploaded to the RHB Yahoo group file database.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original compilation of this list there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites, and it is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps in conjunction with the position of the summit spot height on the Ordnance Survey mapping that appeared on the Geograph website that formed the basis of the change in the listed name of this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map. The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that confirm that Shoulsbarrow Common is land on the northern side of the ridge fence and Castle Common is land on its southern side. With the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map giving the summit spot height on the southern side of the ridge fence. Consequently, this hill appeared under the name of Castle Common when the 1^st edition of The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the summit position of this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales, resulting in LIDAR analysis confirming the summit of this hill to be on the southern side of the ridge fence.

LIDAR summit image of Castle Common (SS 709 392)

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Castle Common and this was derived from the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps, with the summit position confirmed via LIDAR analysis.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Dunkery Beacon

Name: Castle Common

Previously Listed Name: Shoulsbarrow Common

OS 1:50,000 map: 180

Summit Height: 476.1m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SS 70978 39271 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 443.4m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SS 71869 39028 (LIDAR)

Drop: 32.7m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (February 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Wood Barrow (SS 716 425) - 41st significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Wood Barrow

LIDAR image of Wood Barrow (SS 716 425)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England. English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Dunkery Beacon group of hills, which are situated in the counties of Somerset and Devon, and it is positioned with the A39 road to its north-west and the B3358 road to its south, and has the small community of Parracombe towards the west north-west.

When the 1^st edition of the The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013, the qualifying 400m Sub-Four hill was listed as Wood Barrow (SS 716 425) with 22m of drop, based on the 480m summit spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 458m col spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, with an accompanying note stating:

Although Chapman Barrows at SS 700 434 has a 480m map height, it is not listed as a twin Sub-Four as its 480.093m flush bracket height means ground at the base of the trig pillar will be below 480m.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The height produced by initial LIDAR analysis to the high point of Chapman Barrows is 479.8m positioned at SS 70003 43472 and to the high point of Wood Barrow is 479.7m positioned at SS 71627 42506, resulting in the summit of the qualifying 400m Sub-Four being relocated from Wood Barrow to Chapman Barrows.

However, the latest available LIDAR analysis gives the high point of Chapman Barrows as 479.8m positioned at SS 70003 43471 and the high point of Wood Barrow as 480.0m positioned at SS 71627 42505, resulting in the summit of the qualifying 400m Sub-Four being relocated back from Chapman Barrows to Wood Barrow.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Wood Barrow and this was instigated from a summit relocation.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Dunkery Beacon

Name: Wood Barrow

Previously Listed Name: Chapman Barrows

OS 1:50,000 map: 180

Summit Height: 480.0m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SS 71627 42505 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 457.7m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SS 72621 42582 (LIDAR)

Drop: 22.3m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (February 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Ringfield (SO 260 894) - 40th significant name change

LIDAR image of Ringfield (SO 260 894)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England. English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Cilfaesty group of hills, which are situated in the county of Shropshire close to the Welsh border, and it is positioned encircled by minor roads and tracks, with the B4385 road farther to its north-east, the A489 road farther to its north-west, the B4368 road farther to its south-west and the A488 road farther to its south-east, and has the town of Bishop’s Castle towards the east.

During the updating of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England prior to the 1^st edition publication by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was provisionally listed under the point (Pt. 403m) notation. With time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original compilation of this list there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites, and it is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps that form the basis of the change in the listed name of this hill.

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites, and it is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps that form the basis of the change in the listed name of this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

Consequently, this hill appeared under this name when the 1^st edition of The Fours was published by Europeaklist in December 2013 and the 2^nd edition of The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Ringfield and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Cilfaesty

Name: Ringfield

Previously Listed Name: Pt. 403m (only provisional name)

OS 1:50,000 map: 137

Summit Height: 403.0m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SO 26089 89449 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 375.9m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SO 24639 89603 (LIDAR)

Drop: 27.1m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (November 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

THE LISTED NAME OF THIS HILL HAS SUBSEQUENTLY BEEN CHANGED TO ALE OAK BANK

Fron Hill (SO 224 835) - 39th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Ale Oak Bank

Significant Name Changes post for Ale Oak Bank

LIDAR image of Fron Hill (SO 224 835)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England. English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Cilfaesty group of hills, which are situated in the county of Shropshire close to the Welsh border, and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-east and north-west, and the B4368 road to its south-west, and has the town of Clun towards the east south-east.

During the updating of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England prior to the 1^st edition publication by Europeaklist in December 2013, this hill was provisionally listed under the transposed name of Clun Forest, which was a prominent name that appeared near its summit on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The use of Clun Forest was only a provisional name, and with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Since the original compilation of this list there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites. One of the historic maps now available online is the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is the Draft Surveyors map that forms the basis in the change in the listed name of this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map

The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18^th century and the mid-19^th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that names the hill as Fron Hill.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Fron Hill and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Cilfaesty

Name: Fron Hill

Previously Listed Name: Clun Forest (only provisional name)

OS 1:50,000 map: 137

Summit Height: 413.0m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SO 22428 83599 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 391.7m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SO 22050 84209 (LIDAR)

Drop: 21.3m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (November 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

The Beet (SK 122 819) - 38th significant name change

LIDAR image of The Beet (SK 122 819)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Kinder Scout group of hills, which are situated in the Peak District, and it is positioned with a minor road to its north-west, the A623 road to its south-west and the B6049 road to its east, and has the town of Chapel-en-le-Frith towards the west.

When the listing that is now known as The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was originally compiled this hill appeared under the transposed and invented name of Slitherstone Hill, with an accompanying note stating; Authors name from mine to the south.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. And for this hill its listed name was transposed from a disused quarry with the word Hill added to it. This is not a practice that is now advocated as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Since the original publication of this list there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites. One of the historic maps now available online is the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is this map that formed the basis for the change in the listed name of this hill.

The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map was the first map that Ordnance Survey produced, and their publication culminated from the whole of Britain being surveyed between 1791 and 1874 and the detail gathered therein produced at a scale of one inch to the mile and published in sheet format between 1805 and 1874. The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ maps for the whole of Wales are now available online; they are also available in map format as enlarged and re-projected versions to match the scale and dimensions of the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger series and are published by Cassini. This series of maps form another important part in the study of upland place-names and bridge the timeframe leading up to the production of the Ordnance Survey base map of the Six-Inch series, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that places the name of The Beet across the summit area of this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is The Beet and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Kinder Scout

Name: The Beet

Previously Listed Name: Slitherstone Hill

OS 1:50,000 map: 110

Summit Height: 477.5m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SK 12243 81956 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 409.5m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SK 12591 83100 (LIDAR)

Drop: 68.0m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2023)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Pt. 414.7m (SK 109 679) - 37th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Pt. 414.7m

Summit Relocations post for Pt. 414.7m

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived by Joe Nuttall who produced a summit analysis programme using LIDAR, and then by LIDAR analysis initially conducted by Jim Bloomer and subsequently by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Pt. 414.7m (SK 109 679)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England. English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main listing of The Fours are three categories of sub hills, with this hill reclassified to the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the Axe Edge group of hills, which are situated in The Southern Pennines (Region 36), and it is positioned with the A515 road to its south and a minor road to its east, and has the town of Buxton towards the north-west.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was listed as Nether Low with a summit height of 414m based on the spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and which is positioned at SK 11076 68874, with an accompanying note stating; A potential higher summit has been reported by a number of people, including Adrian Rayner and Carole Engel and is positioned at SK 10994 67973.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 414.7m positioned at SK 10999 67962. Therefore, this is a significant name change based on the qualifying summit having been relocated from the originally listed summit of Nether Low, and as an appropriate name for this hill has not been found by the authors either from historical and/or local research, the listing protocol is to use the point (Pt. 414.7m) notation.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Pt. 414.7m and this was instigated from a summit relocation.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Axe Edge

Name: Pt. 414.7m

Previously Listed Name: Nether Low

OS 1:50,000 map: 119

Summit Height: 414.7m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SK 10999 67962 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 385.5m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: SK 10588 67661 (LIDAR)

Drop: 29.2m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2022)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - The Fours - The 400m Hills of England

Long Crags (NT 955 214) - 36th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Long Crags

Significant Height Revisions post for Long Crags

Summit Relocations post for Long Crags

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England, with the summit height, col height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived by Joe Nuttall who produceda summit analysis programme using LIDAR, and then by LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Long Crags (NT 955 214) and Broad Moss (NT 956 210)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

The Fours – The 400m Hills of England. English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main listing of The Fours are three categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Four category, the criteria for which are all English hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the 2^nd edition of the booklet containing this list was published by Mapping Mountains Publications on the 24^th April 2018.

The Fours - The 400m Hills of England by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams

The hill is adjoined to the The Cheviot group of hills, which are situated in Northumberland (Region 33: Scottish Border to the River Tyne), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north and the A697 road to its east, and has the town of Wooler towards the north north-east.

When the 2^nd edition of the The Fours – The 400m Hills of England was published by Mapping Mountains Publications in April 2018, this hill was not included in the accompanying sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria used for this sub category.

However, during the updating of this list for the 2^nd edition this hill was noted and listed as Broad Moss with 18m of drop, based on the 432m summit spot height positioned at NT 95699 21058 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Lanranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 414m col spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

LIDAR analysis gives the higher summit to Long Crags positioned at NT 95597 21432, therefore this is a significant name change based on the qualifying summit having been relocated from the originally listed summit of Broad Moss.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Fours - The 400m Hills of England is Long Crags and this was instigated from a summit relocation.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: The Cheviot

Name: Long Crags

Previously Listed Name: Broad Moss

OS 1:50,000 map: 74, 75

Summit Height: 439.5m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: NT 95597 21432 (LIDAR)

Col Height: 415.8m (LIDAR)

Col Grid Reference: NT 95503 20955 (LIDAR)

Drop: 23.7m (LIDAR)

Our thanks to Ronnie Bowron for bringing the details of this hill to our attention

Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2022)