Y
Pedwarau – Significant Name Changes
Y Pedwarau are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m
in height that have a minimum drop of 30m.
Accompanying the main P30 list are five sub lists; these are the 500m Sub-Pedwar, 500m Double Sub-Pedwar, 400m Sub-Pedwar, 390m Sub-Pedwar and 390m Double Sub-Pedwar category’s, with
their criteria detailed in the respective Change Registers that have been
created and which are linked in their above titles, with the Introduction to
this list being published on Mapping Mountains on the 30th January
2017.
The list is co-authored by
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and the posts that have appeared on Mapping
Mountains detailing the significant name changes to hills in the main P30 list
and the sub lists appear below presented chronologically in receding order.
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Top Nant Cwm Mawr (SJ 253 497) - 35th significant name change
Top Nant Cwm Mawr (SJ 253 497) - 35th significant name change
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height, the drop and status of the hill confirmed by spot height data and interpolation from the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height with 30m minimum drop, the list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The hill is adjoined to the Moel y Gamelin group of hills, which are situated in the north-eastern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A2), and it is positioned with the A525 road to its north-west, the B5430 road towards its north and the B5426 road to its east, and has the town of Wrecsam (Wrexham) towards the east.
The hill appeared in the original Welsh 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the name of Esclusham Mountain, which is a name that appears close to this hill’s summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
The name of Esclusham Mountain also appears online in the Welsh variant of Mynydd Esclus, as evidenced on the Ordnance Survey map on the WalkLakes website. However, this rendition may be a modern rendering without historic merit or local usage.
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| Extract from the WalkLakes website |
Ideally names on maps that can be viewed as being established should be substantiated by people who work the land that the summit of the hill is situated on, as preference for locally known names can change over time, and in the case of this hill it was a chance encounter with the local gamekeeper who gave the name of Top Nant Cwm Mawr for this hill.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales is Top Nant Cwm Mawr, and this was derived from local enquiry.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Moel y Gamelin
Name: Top Nant Cwm Mawr
Previously Listed Name: Esclusham Mountain
OS 1:50,000 map: 117
Summit Height: 460m (spot height)
Summit Grid Reference: SJ 25334 49765 (hand-held GPS via DoBIH)
Bwlch Height: c 422m (interpolation)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SJ 25236 49660 (interpolation)
Drop: c 38m
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2019)
Garwyd (SH 996 459) - 34th significant name change
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height, the drop and status of the hill confirmed by spot height data on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps |
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height with 30m minimum drop, the list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Hiraethog group of hills, which are situated in the north-eastern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A2), and it is positioned with the A5 road and the Afon Ceirw to its south, and has the village of Cerrigydrudion towards the west north-west and the town of Corwen towards the east south-east.
The hill appeared in the original Welsh 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the name of Cader Dinmael, which is a name that appears close to this hill’s summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps.
Cader Dinmael
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452m
|
116
|
255/264
|
The composition of the name was amended to Cadair Dinmael to reflect the use of standard modern Welsh, however hill list authors are prone to list a hill by the name that appears nearest to its summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, without much consideration for its local or historic confirmation, or whether map placement is appropriate.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which is entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, and in the case of this hill it is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps that shows the name of Garwyd being prioritised over that of Cadair Dinmael for this hill.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps |
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Garwyd, and its prioritised status was derived from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Hiraethog
Name: Garwyd
Previously Listed Name: Cadair Dinmael
OS 1:50,000 map: 116
Summit Height: 452m (spot height)
Summit Grid Reference: SH 99679 45910 (hand-held GPS via DoBIH)
Bwlch Height: 417m (spot height)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SH 99413 46475 (spot height)
Drop: 35m
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2019)
Mynydd Maen (ST 260 978) - 33rd significant name change
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau and the Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill confirmed by LIDAR analysis initially conducted by Aled Williams and subsequently by Myrddyn Phillips.
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| LIDAR image of Mynydd Maen (ST 260 978) |
The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales - Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height. With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height, with the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3rd December 2015.
The hill is adjoined to the Cymoedd Gwent group of hills which are situated in the eastern part of South Wales (Region C, Sub-Region C2), and it is positioned with the A4051 and A4042 roads to its east, the A472 road to its north and the A467 road to its south-west, and has the town of Pont-y-pŵl (Pontypool) towards the north-east.
The hill appeared in the original Welsh 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the name of Mynydd Twyn-glas, which is a name that appears close to this hill’s summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps.
Mynydd Twyn-glas
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472m
|
171
|
152
|
Marilyn. Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar.
|
Hill list authors are prone to list a hill by the name that appears nearest to its summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, without much consideration for its local or historical confirmation, or whether map placement is appropriate, and in the case of this hill the names of Mynydd Twyn-glas and Mynydd Maen have been consistently shown near the summit of this hill on different scaled Ordnance Survey maps.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map |
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website, and which is entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, and in the case of this hill it is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps that shows the name of Mynydd Maen being prioritised over that of Mynydd Twyn-glas.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps |
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau and the Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Mynydd Maen, and its prioritised status was derived from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Cymoedd Gwent
Name: Mynydd Maen
Previously Listed Name: Mynydd Twyn-glas
OS 1:50,000 map: 171
Summit Height: 473.0m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference: ST 26000 97841 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 218.0m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: ST 22547 98878 (LIDAR)
Drop: 255.0m (LIDAR)
Dominance: 53.91% (LIDAR)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2019)
Buddugre (SO 089 700) - 32nd significant name change
Survey post for Buddugre
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height being confirmed by a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey conducted by Myrddyn Phillips and which took place on the 10th July 2018, and the bwlch height confirmed by LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams and subsequently by Myrddyn Phillips.
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| Buddugre (SO 089 700) |
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is adjoined to the Pegwn Mawr range of hills which are situated in the north-eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned between the stream valleys of the Clywedog Brook to its west and the Afon Ieithon (River Ithon) to its east, and has the small community of Abaty Cwm-hir (Abbeycwmhir) towards the west north-west.
The hill appeared in the original Welsh P30 lists under the 400m P30 height band on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the name of Beddugre Hill, which is the name given the hill on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps.
Beddugre Hill
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419m
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136/147
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200/214
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Clem/Yeaman
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Hill list authors are prone to list a hill by the name that appears nearest to its summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, without much consideration for its local or historical confirmation, or whether map placement is appropriate, and in the case of this name the Hill part is a later addition as evidenced by detail on the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map and the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website. Two of the historical maps now available are the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map |
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps |
The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey’s surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps.
The later edition of the word Hill is also tautological as Buddugre can be translated as victory hill. The name Buddugre is the originator of the name that appears on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps; Beddugre Hill, which is a tautological anglicised version of the hill name.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Buddugre, and this was derived from the originator name that is widely referenced online.
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Buddugre |
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Pegwn Mawr
Name: Buddugre
Previously Listed Name: Beddugre Hill
OS 1:50,000 map: 136, 147
Summit Height: 417.9m (converted to OSGM15)
Summit Grid Reference: SO 08919 70025
Bwlch Height: 304.5m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SO 08883 71933 (LIDAR)
Drop: 113.3m (Trimble summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (December 2018)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Bwlch Bank (SO 242 720) - 31st significant name change
Survey post for Bwlch Bank
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the height of the summit confirmed by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 which took place on the 19th April 2018, and the height of the bwlch ascertained from LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of the list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is adjoined to the Beacon Hill range of hills, which are situated in the north-eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and is positioned between the B4355 road to the north-east and the A488 road to the south-east, and has the small town of Tref-y-clawdd (Knighton) to the east.
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| Bwlch Bank (SO 242 720) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name of Bailey Hill. Hill list authors are prone to list a hill by the name that appears nearest to its summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, without much consideration for its local or historical confirmation, or whether map placement is appropriate, and in the case of this hill it was examination of Ordnance Survey historical maps and local enquiry that confirmed the name of the hill and the land area that constitutes that of Bailey Hill respectively.
Bailey Hill
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426m
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137/148
|
201
|
Clem/Yeaman
|
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website. Two of the historical maps now available are the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it was the former of these maps that name the hill as Bwlch Bank.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map |
The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey’s surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps.
The placement of names on maps from one scale to another and from one edition to another are prone to be moved over time, however study has shown that one of the best publicly available Ordnance Survey maps for name placement is the 1:25,000 historical map and this map also shows the name of Bwlch Bank adjoined to this hill.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 historical map |
When visiting this hill place-name enquiries were made with a number of local farmers and Bailey Hill was confirmed to take in a large area associated with a number of individual hills and is not applicable just to this hill, this is in evidence on the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors Map as well as the historical 1:25,000 map, both of which use the name of Bailey Hill as an elongated ridge name, whereas the contemporary 1:25,000 Explorer map dispenses with the use of an elongated ridge name giving the impression that this name is applicable just to one hill and not a large area of land taking in more than just this one hill.
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| Guy Hodnett from Brookhouse Farm |
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| John and Liz Riberts from the Racecourse Farm |
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| David Williams from White Anthony Farm |
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Bwlch Bank, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map and substantiated by the Ordnance Survey historical 1:25,000 map, with the land area taking in Bailey Hill confirmed by local enquiry.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Beacon Hill
Name: Bwlch Bank
Previously Listed Name: Bailey Hill
Summit Height: 424.9m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 137, 148
Summit Grid Reference: SO 24234 72023
Drop: 95.1m (Trimble summit and LIDAR bwlch)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Bwlch Bank (SO 242 720) |
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (June 2018)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Fountain Head Well Field (SO 231 722) - 30th significant name change
Survey post for Fountain Head Well Field
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that was surveyed for inclusion in the listing of the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height, drop and status of the hill confirmed by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 which took place on the 19th April 2018.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. Accompanying the main list of the Y Pedwarau are five categories of sub hills, with this hill being surveyed for inclusion in the 400m Sub-Pedwarau. The criteria for 400m Sub-Pedwar status are all Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m and more and below 30m of drop.
The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of the list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is adjoined to the Beacon Hill range of hills, which are situated in the north-eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned between the B4356 road to the south-west and the B4355 road to the north-east, and has the small town of Tref-y-clawdd (Knighton) to the east.
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| David Williams dropping feed off for the sheep on top of Fountain Head Well Field (SO 231 722) |
Prior to the survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 for this hill’s potential inclusion as a 400m Sub-Pedwar it was not classified having not appeared in any known listing of hills. Therefore, although there is no change in this hill’s listed name it is worth categorising under the heading of Significant Name Changes as the name of the field where the summit of this hill is situated has come from local enquiry.
When visiting this hill and surveying its summit and bwlch I met David Williams who farms from White Anthony (SO 258 731), with his family’s farm being Fountain Head (SO 228 727), David told me that the hill I had just visited was a part of Fountain Head’s land and although the hill itself did not have a name, the field where the summit is situated is known as Fountain Head Well Field as there is a well at the top, this is a small covered reservoir that is housed in an old fenced compound.
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| David Williams |
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by is Fountain Head Well Field, and this was derived from local enquiry.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Beacon Hill
Name: Fountain Head Well Field
Previously Listed Name: not previously listed
Summit Height: 405.3m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 137, 148
Summit Grid Reference: SO 23159 72299
Drop: 18.0m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Fountain Head Well Field (SO 231 722) |
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (June 2018)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Waun Sidan (SO 250 726) - 29th significant name change
Survey post for Waun Sidan
Hill Reclassifications post for Waun Sidan
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height, drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams and subsequently confirmed by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 which took place on the 19th April 2018.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of the list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is adjoined to the Beacon Hill range of hills, which are situated in the north-eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and is positioned between the B4355 road to the north-east and the A488 road to the south-east, and has the small town of Tref-y-clawdd (Knighton) to the east.
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| Waun Sidan (SO 250 726) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the partly invented name of Downes’s Dingle Hill, with an accompanying note stating; Name from dingle to the South.
| Downes's Dingle Hill | 406m | SO250726 | 137/148 | 201 | Name from dingle to the South. |
During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance, use the name of a dingle and add the word Hill. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historical documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website. Two of the historical maps now available are the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it was the former of these maps that name the hill as Waun Sidan.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map |
The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey’s surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Waun Sidan, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Beacon Hill
Name: Waun Sidan
Previously Listed Name: Downes’s Dingle Hill
Summit Height: 407.8m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 137, 148
Summit Grid Reference: SO 25022 72649
Drop: 31.5m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Waun Sidan (SO 250 726) |
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (May 2018)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Graig Wen (SH 694 068) - 28th significant name change
Survey post for Graig Wen
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height and drop of the hill being confirmed by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 which was conducted on the 1st April 2018.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of the list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is adjoined to the Tarennydd range of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A3), and it is positioned above the B 4405 road and the small community of Abergynolwyn which are to its west.
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| Graig Wen (SH 694 068) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name of Foel Pandy, and this is also the name that the hill was listed by in the Y Pedwarau (Europeaklist, May 2013).
| Foel Pandy | 454m | SH694068 | 124 | 23 |
Hill list authors are prone to list a hill by the name that appears nearest to its summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, without much consideration for its local or historical confirmation, or whether map placement is appropriate, and in the case of this hill there are two names that are consistently applied on different scaled Ordnance Survey maps to land near this hill’s summit, these names are Graig Wen and Foel Pandy.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Since this hill was first listed there is a greater understanding amongst some hill list authors relating to the cynefin naming system:
Many Welsh hills comprise bounded land that is separated either by a fence or wall; these boundaries indicate land that is adjoined to different owners or tenants. These land boundaries have usually been in place for centuries and in the uplands of Wales they are referred to as the cynefin, or sheep-walk in English.
The sheep-walk is an English term given to enclosed land that is apportioned to a specific farm. The Welsh term for this land is cynefin, which can be literally translated as habitat, as in that for the sheep. The cynefin usually takes in land that is known as the mountain land of the specific farm, therefore the name given to this enclosed land is usually that of the name of the farm prefixed with the word mynydd (mountain), this land is usually given over for sheep grazing, hence the term sheep-walk. When Ordnance Survey maps are examined one can find many examples where this form of cynefin naming system exists, with farms situated in valley’s having their name given to high mountain land and prefixed with the word mynydd.
The bounded land given over to specific farms also takes in middle ground between the higher mountain land and the lower pasture land of the valley, this is known in Welsh as the ffridd and can take in a variety of habitats including heath, moor, grassland, woodland and high pasture. Again, when Ordnance Survey maps are examined one can find many examples of names prefixed with the word Ffridd, and its apportionment to a specific hill is dependent upon where the bounded land is situated and referring to the Tithe maps for confirmation is then advised.
It is the cynefin naming system that usually results in a hill being known by different names in opposing valleys, as in many instances the upper bounded land meet at the watershed on top of the summit ridge and therefore the same hill would be known by two different names, each name a part of a different farm’s cynefin.
Although it is usual for the mountain land of a farm to be prefixed by the word mynydd and followed by that of the farm name, on occasion this does not happen, and this is such a case as the name Foel Pandy is considered a cynefin name, with the farm of Maes-y-pandy situated between Abergynolwyn and Tal-y-llyn. Contemporary Ordnance Survey maps also name the wood below the bounded land of Foel Pandy as Foel Pandy Wood, in affect this bounded land is adjoined to this farm.
Therefore, as a name for a hill is prioritised over that of a cynefin name for listing purposes, this hill is now listed in the Y Pedwarau as Graig Wen.
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Graig Wen |
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Tarennydd
Name: Graig Wen
Previously Listed Name: Foel Pandy
Summit Height: 454.1m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 124
Summit Grid Reference: SH 69405 06806
Drop: 86.7m (converted to OSGM15)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (May 2018)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Farrington Bank (SO 305 699) - 27th significant name change
Survey post for Farrington Bank
Summit Relocation post for Farrington Bank
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height and its position being confirmed by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 which was conducted on the 15th February 2018.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of the list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
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| Farrington Bank (SO 305 699) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crwder’s v-g.me website under the name of Llan-wen Hill North-East Top, with the name of Llan-wen Hill appearing adjacent to a track 1km to the south-west of the listed summit on Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps of the day.
| Llan-wen Hill North-East Top | 417m | SO305699 | 137/148 | 201 | Trig pillar at second top of same height: SO307702. Name from hill to the South-West. |
During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on a map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to. Therefore I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are inappropriate, and supplanting the name Llan-wen Hill and adding a directional element to it, is such an example, as this name has been consistently applied on Ordnance Survey maps to a 404m map heighted hill positioned at SO 296 694 to the south-west of, and separate from, the hill this article relates to.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the enlarged map hosted on the Geograph website. Two of the historical maps now available are the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it was the former of these maps that name the hill as Farrington Bank.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map |
The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey’s surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced for these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Farrington Bank and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Beacon Hill
Name: Farrington Bank
Previously Listed Name: Lan-wen Hill North-East Top
Summit Height: 416.7m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 137, 148
Summit Grid Reference: SO 30500 69937
Drop: c 123m
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Farrington Bank (SO 305 699) |
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Banc y Cwm (SN 968 470) - 26th significant name change
Survey post for Banc y Cwm
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height, drop and status of the hill confirmed by a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey conducted by Myrddyn Phillips which took place on the 28th December 2017.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop.
The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the 1st edition of the list having been published by Europeaklist in May 2013 and by Haroldstreet in January 2014, and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Epynt range of hills which are situated in the south-easterly part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and it is positioned above the B 4519 road which is to its south-west and has the small community of Llangamarch (Llangammarch Wells) to its east, Garth to its north north-west and Cilmeri (Cilmery) towards its north-east.
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| Banc y Cwm (SN 968 470) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website in the Hills to be surveyed sub list under the name of The Warren. Hill list authors are prone to list a hill by the name that appears nearest to its summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, without much consideration for its local or historical confirmation, or whether map placement is appropriate, and in the case of this hill there are two names that are consistently applied on different scaled Ordnance Survey maps to land near this hill’s summit, these names are Banc y Cwm and The Warren.
| The Warren | 467m | SN968470 | 147 | 188 |
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the Draft Surveyors map and the One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the Interactive Coverage Map hosted on the Geograph website. One of the historical maps now available is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps, these formed the base map for many years until they were replaced by the 1:10,000 series, and study has shown that these maps along with the Historical 1:25,000 map are some of the best produced by Ordnance Survey for name placement.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map |
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| Extract from the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps |
In this case it was research via the series of historical Ordnance Survey maps available online coupled with local enquiries that confirmed that the name of Banc y Cwm would be appropriate to use for this hill.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Banc y Cwm and this was derived from historical and contemporary Ordnance Survey maps and local enquiry.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Epynt
Name: Banc y Cwm
Previously Listed Name: The Warren
Summit Height: 465.9m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 147
Summit Grid Reference: SN 96824 47007
Drop: 32.5m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Banc y Cwm (SN 968 470) |
For details on the survey of Banc y Cwm
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (February 2018)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Carneddau (SO 066 540) - 25th significant name change
Survey post for Carneddau
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height and drop of the hill analysed via LIDAR data by Aled Williams and subsequently confirmed by a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey which took place on the 6th October 2017.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is adjoined to the Fforest Glud range of hills which are situated in the eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned between the town of Llanfair-ym-Muallt (Builth Wells) to the south-west and the small community of Hundred House to the east.
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| Carneddau (SO 066 540) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the directional name of Carneddau South Top, with an accompanying note stating Name from hill to the North. During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them. On occasion I also used a directional name based on supplanting the name of a higher hill and adding a directional component to the name. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historical documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found, and in the case of this hill it was four local farmers who told me that the land where this hill is situated is a part of the Carneddau, and this is substantiated by historical and contemporary Ordnance Survey maps. Therefore, as a directional name only adds an invented component to the name of the hill, this is dispensed with in favour of the name that is in use locally.
| Carneddau South Top | 432m | SO067541 | 147 | 200 | Name from hill to the North |
The first local farmer I asked about this hill and its name was Sandy Price who farms from Upper Pentre which is below the hill to its south-east, Sandy told me that this hill is a part of the Carneddau (pronouncing it as the Car-neth-ee) hill and that he had never heard separate names for any of the hills that I was describing. This is where the mind of a hill bagger is distinctly different to that of a farmer / grazer, as Sandy thought of all this land as one hill, whist a hill bagger would distinguish the land taking in the Carneddau hill as four separate P30s. Sandy then suggested I visit Colin Wheel who farms from Ddole. I then visited Rhiwlas; the farm above Upper Pentre, Sandy’s neighbour was out early in the morning and smiled as I huffed and puffed up the steep lane, he also confirmed that the hill is a part of the Carneddau hill. Later in the day after I’d visited the various P30s taking in the Carneddau hill I visited Colin Wheel and his brother Jim. Colin is aged 71 and Jim 85 and both were doing work on their farm, Colin on a quad bike and Jim tending to a tractor. They have farmed this area all of their lives and were a delight to speak with, with smiles and hospitality, they also gave me the same information as I was given earlier in the day, the hill is known as the Carneddau and this takes in much of the land that today is designated open access land and some of the enclosed land on its eastern side, and that there are no separate names for any of the P30s, as in a farmers / grazers mind they are a part of the same hill, which is known as the Carneddau.
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| Colin and Jim Wheel proved a delight to speak with |
This information is substantiated by a number of historical maps, some of which are presented below.
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| The name is presented as Caernedde Hill at the time of the Tithe map |
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| The name appears as the Carneddau Rocks on the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map |
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| The name is given as Carneddau on the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map |
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Carneddau and this name was derived from local enquiry and substantiated from various historical and contemporary maps.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Fforest Glud
Name: Carneddau
Previously Listed Name: Carneddau South Top
Summit Height: 430.7m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 147
Summit Grid Reference: SO 06627 54067
Drop: 39.9m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of the Carneddau (SO 066 540) |
For details on the survey of Carneddau
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (December 2017)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Carneddau (SO 063 545) - 24th significant name change
Survey post for Carneddau
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height and drop of the hill analysed via LIDAR data by Aled Williams and subsequently confirmed by a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey which took place on the 6th October 2017.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is adjoined to the Fforest Glud range of hills which are situated in the eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned between the town of Llanfair-ym-Muallt (Builth Wells) to the south south-west and the small community of Hundred House to the east.
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| Carneddau (SO 063 545) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the directional name of Carneddau South-West Top, with an accompanying note stating Name from hill to the North-East. During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them. On occasion I also used a directional name based on supplanting the name of a higher hill and adding a directional component to the name. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historical documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found, and in the case of this hill it was four local farmers who told me that the land where this hill is situated is a part of the Carneddau, and this is substantiated by historical and contemporary Ordnance Survey maps. Therefore, as a directional name only adds an invented component to the name of the hill, this is dispensed with in favour of the name that is in use locally.
| Carneddau South-West Top | 436m | SO063545 | 147 | 200 | Trig pillar. Name from hill to the North-East. |
The first local farmer I asked about this hill and its name was Sandy Price who farms from Upper Pentre which is below the hill to its south-east, Sandy told me that this hill is a part of the Carneddau (pronouncing it as the Car-neth-ee) hill and that he had never heard separate names for any of the hills that I was describing. This is where the mind of a hill bagger is distinctly different to that of a farmer / grazer, as Sandy thought of all this land as one hill, whist a hill bagger would distinguish the land taking in the Carneddau hill as four separate P30s. Sandy suggested I visit Colin Wheel who farms from Ddole. I then visited Rhiwlas; the farm above Upper Pentre, Sandy’s neighbour was out early in the morning and smiled as I huffed and puffed up the steep lane, he also confirmed that the hill is a part of the Carneddau hill. Later in the day after I’d visited the various P30s taking in the Carneddau hill I visited Colin Wheel and his brother Jim. Colin is aged 71 and Jim 85 and both were doing work on their farm, Colin on a quad bike and Jim tending to a tractor. They have farmed this area all of their lives and were a delight to speak with, with smiles and hospitality, and also the same information given me earlier in the day, the hill is known as the Carneddau and this takes in much of the land that today is designated open access land and some of the enclosed land on its eastern side, of which this hill is a part, and that there are no separate names for any of the P30s, as in a farmers / grazers mind they are a part of the same hill, which is known as the Carneddau.
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| Colin and Jim Wheel were a delight to meet and speak with |
This information is substantiated by a number of historical maps, some of which are presented below.
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| The name is presented as Caernedde Hill at the time of the Tithe map |
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| The name appears as the Carneddau Rocks on the Ordnance Survey Draft surveyors map |
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| The name is given as Carneddau on the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map |
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Carneddau and this name was derived from local enquiry and substantiated from various historical and contemporary maps.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Fforest Glud
Name: Carneddau
Previously Listed Name: Carneddau South-West Top
Summit Height: 435.8m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 147
Summit Grid Reference: SO 06304 54532
Drop: 36.5m (converted to OSGM15)
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of the Carneddau (SO 063 545) |
For details on the survey of Carneddau
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (December 2017)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales
Cefn Digoll (SJ 264 058) - 23rd significant name change
Survey post for Cefn Digoll
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales and Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and dominance of the hill derived by a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey and LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams.
%20-%20hill%202.jpg) |
| Cefn Digoll (SJ 264 058) |
The criteria for the two lists that this name change applies to are:
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| Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams |
Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height. With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
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| Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips |
The hill is adjoined to the Stiperstones group of hills, which are situated in the eastern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and it is positioned with the B4388 and the A483 roads to its west and a minor road to its east, and has the town of Y Trallwng (Welshpool) towards the south-west.
The hill appeared in the original 400m height band of Welsh P30 hills compiled by Myrddyn Phillips published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Beacon Ring, which is a prominent name that appears adjacent to the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.
| Beacon Ring | 408m | SJ265058 | 126 | 216 | Marilyn. Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar marked on map. |
During the original compilation Myrddyn Phillips thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. His preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose an English name used for the summit area and use it for that of the hill. This is not a practice that is now advocated as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
%20-%201%2025000.jpg) |
| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the old Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map and the interactive mapping available on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites. One of the historic maps now available online is the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is this map along with historic documents and local knowledge that forms the basis for the change in the listed name of this hill.
The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map was the first map that Ordnance Survey produced, and their publication culminated from the whole of Britain being surveyed between 1791 and 1874 and the detail gathered therein produced at a scale of one inch to the mile and published in sheet format between 1805 and 1874. The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ maps for the whole of Wales are now available online; they are also available in map format as enlarged and re-projected versions to match the scale and dimensions of the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger series and are published by Cassini. This series of maps form another important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names and bridge the timeframe leading up to the production of the Ordnance Survey base map of the Six-Inch series, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that records the name of Cefn Digoll (with the composition given as Cefn Digol).
%20-%20One-Inch%20Old%20Series.jpg) |
| Extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map |
The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, with originating Cymraeg names being anglicised and also originating English names being cymricised, examples such as these are more common in border country and especially so for anglicised forms. There is no steadfast rule that fits all, but as a standard a name that has its origins in the Welsh language and where this is substantiated by either historic documentation and/or contemporary usage should be prioritised in favour of a contemporary anglicised or English version of the name. Likewise, if a name exists where an element of it is in English and if this name applies to a hill that is situated in a Welsh speaking part of Wales it is standard practice to use a full Welsh term for the name. It is also standard practice to use a Welsh name for a hill if another name exists that has originated in a different language.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Cefn Digoll, and this was derived from historic documents including the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map and local knowledge, with the prioritised language protocol also being used.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Stiperstones
Name: Cefn Digoll
Previously Listed Name: Beacon Ring
OS 1:50,000 map: 126
Summit Height: 408.3m (converted to OSGM15, Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Summit Grid Reference: SJ 26479 05819 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 103.3m (converted to OSGM15, Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SJ 28827 02177 (Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Drop: 305.0m (Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Dominance: 74.69% (Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Dominance: 74.69% (Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (April 2017)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Esgair Cerrig (SN 952 432) - 22nd significant name change
Survey post for Esgair Cerrig
Summit Relocations post for Esgair Cerrig
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in Y Pellennig - The Remotest Hills of Wales and the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height, drop and status of the hill being confirmed by a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey which was conducted on the 28th December 2016, with the summit of the hill previously analysed via LIDAR data by Aled Williams.
The criteria for the two lists that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is a part of the Mynydd Epynt range, this group of hills is situated in the south-eastern part of Mid and West Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B-2), and is positioned above the small community of Llangamarch (Llangammarch Wells) to the north north-west and the small town of Llanwrtyd (Llanwrtyd Wells) to the west north-west.
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| Esgair Cerrig (SN 952 432) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name Twyn Rhyd-car North Top, with an accompanying note stating Name from hill to the south. Hill list authors are prone to list a hill by the name that appears nearest to its summit on Ordnance Survey maps, without much consideration for its local or historical confirmation, or whether map placement is appropriate, and when the hill is unnamed on Ordnance Survey maps list authors are prone to either invent a name for the hill, supplant a name from a near feature that can result in an inappropriate name or they can use a directional name from a near named hill, and in the case of this hill it was the latter that I opted for, using the name of Twyn Rhyd Car and adding the directional element of North Top.
Twyn Rhyd-car North Top
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456m
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147/160
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188
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Name from hill to the South
|
This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historical documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found, and in the case of this hill it was a local farmer who gave the name Esgair Cerrig for land taking in the summit of this hill.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pellennig - The Remotest Hills of Wales and Y Pedwarau is Esgair Cerrig and this was derived from local enquiry.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Epynt
Name: Esgair Cerrig
Previously Listed Name: Twyn Rhyd-car North Top
Summit Height: 456.4m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 147, 160
Summit Grid Reference: SN 95224 43297
Drop: 35.6m (converted to OSGM15)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (January 2017)
Esgair Fawr (SN 927 433) - 21st significant name change
Survey post for Esgair Fawr
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the summit height of the hill being confirmed by a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey which was conducted on the 28th December 2016, with the hill previously analysed via LIDAR data by Aled Williams.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 30th January 2017. |
| Esgair Fawr (SN 927 433) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name Ffynnon Bevan, with an accompanying note stating that this is a trig point name.
Ffynnon Bevan
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475m
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147/160
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188
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Fynnon Bevan is trig point name. Clem: drop 34m. Included by contour configuration.
|
Hill list authors are prone to list a hill by the name that appears nearest to its summit on Ordnance Survey maps, without much consideration for its local or historical confirmation, or whether map placement is appropriate, and in the case of Ffynnon Bevan this name is presented on Ordnance Survey maps south-westward of this hill’s summit as Fynnon Dafydd Bevan and is applicable to a spring beside an old farm house. Although the Ordnance Survey have been responsible for the documenting of many thousands of Welsh upland place-names, and in the process of doing so they have also saved an unprecedented number of these names from being lost, they are also responsible for using names that are not the most appropriate, although in their defence of this name, all they have done is name a trig pillar and not necessarily the hill. However, this is an example where the supplanting of a name can easily lead an ill-informed hill list author down a route that lists a hill by an inappropriate name.
With time and inclination place-name data can be improved by asking local people and examining historical documents, and in the case of this hill it was a local farmer who gave the name Esgair Fawr for land taking in the summit of this hill.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Esgair Fawr and this was derived from local enquiry.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Epynt
Name: Esgair Fawr
Previously Listed Name: Ffynnon Bevan
Summit Height: 475.3m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 147, 160
Summit Grid Reference: SN 92746 43357
Drop: 36.1m (Trimble summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (January 2017)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales
Clepyn Melyn (SN 961 464) - 20th significant name change
This hill is now listed as Mynydd Epynt, with the details below kept for historic merit
Survey post for Mynydd Epynt
Significant Height Revisions post for Mynydd Epynt
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales and the Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from a Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit survey and LIDAR bwlch analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. With the change in the listed summit height initiated by LIDAR analysis conducted by Aled Williams.
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| Mynydd Epynt (SN 961 464) |
The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are five categories of sub hills, with this hill being included in the 400m Sub-Pedwar category. The criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
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| Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams |
Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height. With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
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| Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips |
The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Epynt group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region C2, Sub-Region C2A), and it is positioned with the B4519 road to its north-east, and has the town of Llanfair-ym-Muallt (Builth Wells) towards the north-east.
The hill appeared in the original Welsh 400m P30 list compiled by Myrddyn Phillips and published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Mynydd Epynt, which is a prominent name that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.
Hill list authors are prone to list a hill by the name that appears nearest to its summit on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps, with little consideration for its local or historical confirmation, or whether map placement is appropriate, and in the case of Mynydd Epynt the name is also associated with the hill range that it is a part of.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
However, place-name data can be improved by asking local people and examining historical documents, and in the case of this hill it was a local farmer who gave the name Clepyn Melyn for land near to the summit of the hill, which to the authors knowledge is the main named feature of this hill and therefore appropriate to use for listing purposes.
Therefore, the name this hill is listed by in the Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales and Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales is Clepyn Melyn and this was derived from local enquiry.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Epynt
Name: Clepyn Melyn
Previously Listed Name: Mynydd Eppynt
OS 1:50,000 map: 147
Summit Height: 475.7m (converted to OSGM15, Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Summit Grid Reference: SN 96124 46428 (Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Bwlch Height: 277.9m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 84054 43300 (LIDAR)
Drop: 197.8m (Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Dominance: 41.58% (Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (January 2017)
Weston Bank (SO 199 702) - 19th significant name change
Survey post for Weston Bank
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the height and drop of the hill being confirmed by a survey with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 which was conducted on the 8th April 2016.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, with the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is a part of the Fforest Glud range, this group of hills is situated in the eastern part of Mid and West Wales and are known as the Radnor Forest in English, and the hill is positioned between the small communities of Llangunllo to the north-east and Bleddfa to the south south-east.
The hill is a part of the Fforest Glud range, this group of hills is situated in the eastern part of Mid and West Wales and are known as the Radnor Forest in English, and the hill is positioned between the small communities of Llangunllo to the north-east and Bleddfa to the south south-east.
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Weston Bank |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name of Pen-y-clawdd Hill, which is a name that appeared close to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer maps of the day.
Pen-y-clawdd Hill
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416m
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136/148
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200/214
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During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on a map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to. Therefore I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are inappropriate, and Pen-y-clawdd Hill is such an example as this name has been consistently applied on Ordnance Survey maps that endeavour to use appropriate name placement to a c 401m high hill that stretches from SO 193 705 to land taking in a c 400m rise at SO 190 702. The land of Pen-y-clawdd Hill is considered separate from that of the land associated with the hill that this blog post relates to.
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| Appropriate name placement for Pen-y-clawdd Hill on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 historical map |
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the enlarged map hosted on the Geograph website. Two of the historical maps now available are the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it was the former of these maps that name the hill as Weston Bank.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Surveys Draft Surveyors map |
The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey’s surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Weston Bank and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Weston Bank and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Fforest Glud
Name: Weston Bank
Previously Listed Name: Pen-y-clawdd Hill
Summit Height: 416.9m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 137, 148
Summit Grid Reference: SO 19915 70279
Drop: 38.6m (converted to OSGM15)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (November 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Fawnog Gnapiog (SN 930 761) - 18th significant name change
Survey post for Fawnog Gnapiog
This hill is now listed as Garreg y Noddfa, with the details below kept for historic merit
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the hill's height and drop being surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 12th March 2016.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
The hill is a part of the Pegwn Mawr range, this group of hills is situated in the north-eastern part of Mid and West Wales, and the hill is positioned between the small community of Llangurig to the north north-west and the town of Rhaeadr Gwy (Rhayader) to the south south-east.
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Fawnog Gnapiog |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name of Bryn Titli, which is a name that appeared close to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps of the day.
Bryn Titli
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497m
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136/147
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214
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During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on a map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to. Therefore I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are inappropriate, and Bryn Titli is such an example as this name has been consistently applied by the Ordnance Survey to land taking in a 492.7m (converted to OSGM15) high hill at SN 93383 75719 and whose summit is positioned 500 metres to the south-east, whilst a number of different scaled Ordnance Survey maps place the name Fawnog Gnapiog as applicable to land extending to the south south-west from this hill’s summit and importantly this land is a part of this hill.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps |
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey historical 1:25,000 map |
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| Extract from the current Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Fawnog Gnapiog and this was derived from a number of different scaled Ordnance Survey maps that place this name applicable to land extending from the summit of this hill.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Pegwn Mawr
Name: Fawnog Gnapiog
Previously Listed Name: Bryn Titli
Summit Height: 495.7m (converted to OSGM15, Leica 530)
OS 1:50,000 map: 136, 147
Summit Grid Reference: SN 93038 76169
Drop: 59.0m (Leica 530 summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Pen Crwn (SN 963 736) - 17th significant name change
Survey post for Pen Crwn
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Pen Crwn |
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are five categories of sub hills; 500m Sub-Pedwarau, 500m Double Sub-Pedwarau, 400m Sub-Pedwarau, 390m Sub-Pedwarau and the 390m Double Sub-Pedwarau. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
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| Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams |
The hill is adjoined to the Hirddywel group of hills, which are situated in the northern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and it is positioned with the A470 road to its south-west and the B4518 road to its east, and has the small community of Pant-y-dŵr towards the north-east and the town of Rhaeadr Gwy (Rhayader) towards the south.
The hill appeared in the original Welsh 400m P30 list compiled by Myrddyn Phillips and published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Cefn Lletyhywel, which is a name that appears to the south of its summit on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.
| Cefn Lletyhywel | 487m | SN963736 | 136/147 | 214 |
When Myrddyn Phillips first compiled this list he paid little regard to name placement on a map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to. Therefore, names were prioritised for listing purposes that are now considered inappropriate, and Cefn Lletyhywel is such an example as this name has been consistently applied by Ordnance Survey to land below and to the south of the summit of this hill, whilst a number of different scaled Ordnance Survey maps position the name Pen Crwn as applicable to land taking in the summit of this hill.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps |
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 historical map |
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| Extract from the current Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales is Pen Crwn and this was derived from a number of different scaled Ordnance Survey maps that place this name applicable to land that takes in the summit of this hill.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Hirddywel
Name: Pen Crwn
Previously Listed Name: Cefn Lletyhywel
OS 1:50,000 map: 136, 147
Summit Height: 486.7m (converted to OSGM15)
Summit Grid Reference: SN 96320 73629
Bwlch Height: 434.7m (converted to OSGM15)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 95566 75036
Drop: 52.0m
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Cwm Cynnydd Bank (SO 061 726) - 16th significant name change
Survey post for Cwm Cynnydd Bank
Significant Height Revisions post for Cwm Cynnydd Bank
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 18th February 2016.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is a part of the Pegwn Mawr range, this group of hills is situated in the north-eastern part of Mid and West Wales, and the hill is positioned to the north north-east of the small community of Abaty Cwm Hir (Abbey Cwmhir).
The hill is a part of the Pegwn Mawr range, this group of hills is situated in the north-eastern part of Mid and West Wales, and the hill is positioned to the north north-east of the small community of Abaty Cwm Hir (Abbey Cwmhir).
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| Cwm Cynnydd Bank (SO 061 726) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name of Waun Gaseg, which is a name that appeared close to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps of the day.
Waun Gaseg
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450m
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136/147
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200/214
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Height from 1986 #136 1:50000 map
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During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on a map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to. Therefore I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are inappropriate, and Waun Gaseg is such an example as this name has usually been applied by the Ordnance Survey to land beside a small stream that is below and to the south-east of this hill’s summit, whilst a number of different scaled Ordnance Survey maps position the name Cwm Cynnydd Bank as applicable to land extending toward the summit of this hill.
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| Extract from the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps |
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Cwm Cynnydd Bank and this was derived from a number of different scaled Ordnance Survey maps, all of which place this name applicable to land that extends toward this hill’s summit.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Pegwn Mawr
Name: Cwm Cynnydd Bank
Previously Listed Name: Waun Gaseg
Summit Height: 454.9m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 136, 147
Summit Grid Reference: SO 06116 72668
Drop: 83.9m (converted to OSGM15)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (October 2016)
Pen Twyn (SN 857 463) - 15th significant name change
Survey post for Pen Twyn
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 25th September 2015.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is a part of the Elenydd range, which forms one of the largest hill groups in the country and is situated in the central part of mid and west Wales. The hill is on the south-eastern periphery of this hill range and is positioned above the small town of Llanwrtyd (Llanwrtyd Wells) to its east.
The hill is a part of the Elenydd range, which forms one of the largest hill groups in the country and is situated in the central part of mid and west Wales. The hill is on the south-eastern periphery of this hill range and is positioned above the small town of Llanwrtyd (Llanwrtyd Wells) to its east.
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Pen Twyn |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name of Pen Garn-gou, which is a name that appeared close to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer maps of the day. During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on a map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to. Therefore I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are inappropriate, and Pen Garn-gou is such an example as this name has been consistently applied by the Ordnance Survey to land that is below and to the south of this hill’s summit, whilst the larger scale Ordnance Survey Six-Inch map is consistent in applying the name Pen Twyn to the land where the summit of the hill is situated.
Pen Garn-gou
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477m
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147
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187
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Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the enlarged map on the Geograph website. One of the historical maps now available is the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map which was the first map made publicly available by the Ordnance Survey, and it is details on this map that formed the basis for the change in this hill’s listed name.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map |
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| Extract from the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps |
The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ was the first map that Ordnance Survey published, and these maps were based on the preceding Draft Surveyors map. Their publication culminated from the whole of Britain being surveyed between 1791 and 1874 and the detail gathered therein produced at a scale of one inch to the mile and published in sheet format between 1805 and 1874. The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ maps for the whole of Wales are now available online; they are also available in map format as enlarged and re-projected versions to match the scale and dimensions of the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger series and are published by Cassini. This series of maps forms another important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names and bridge the time frame leading to the production of the Ordnance Survey base map of the Six-Inch series.
Therefore the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Pen Twyn and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map and later confirmed by the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps.
Therefore the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Pen Twyn and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map and later confirmed by the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Elenydd
Name: Pen Twyn
Previously Listed Name: Pen Garn-gou
Summit Height: 476.6m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 147
Summit Grid Reference: SN 85798 46301
Drop: 45.1m (Trimble summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Mynydd Tŷ Cerrig (SJ 147 405) - 14th significant name change
Survey post for Mynydd Tŷ Cerrig
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 18th September 2015.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is situated in the Y Berwyn, which is an extensive range of hills in the south-eastern part of north Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Glyndyfrdwy to the north, Llangollen to the east north-east and Glyn Ceiriog to the east south-east.
The hill is situated in the Y Berwyn, which is an extensive range of hills in the south-eastern part of north Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Glyndyfrdwy to the north, Llangollen to the east north-east and Glyn Ceiriog to the east south-east.
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| Mynydd Tŷ Cerrig (SJ 147 405) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the invented name of Pen Ty’n-y-graig, with an accompanying note stating; Name from wood to the North-East, with Ty’n-y-graig being the name of a farm and its adjacent wood; Coed Ty’n-y-graig.
Pen Ty'n-y-graig
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476m
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125
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255
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Name from wood to the North-East
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During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to invent a name for a hill if no name seemed to appear for it on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found and it was local enquiry that gave the name of Mynydd Tŷ Cerrig for this hill.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Mynydd Tŷ Cerrig (conforming to standard modern Welsh), and this was derived from local enquiry.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Y Berwyn
Name: Mynydd Tŷ Cerrig
Previously Listed Name: Pen Ty’n-y-graig
Summit Height: 476.2m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 125
Summit Grid Reference: SJ 14798 40529
Drop: 32.1m (converted to OSGM15)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2016)
Foel Eryr (SN 065 320) - 13th significant name change
Survey post for Foel Eryr
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 12th September 2015.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is a part of the Mynydd Preseli range, which is a group of hills situated in the south-western part of mid and west Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Brynberian to the north-east, Pontfaen to the west north-west and Maenclochog to the south south-east.
The hill is a part of the Mynydd Preseli range, which is a group of hills situated in the south-western part of mid and west Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Brynberian to the north-east, Pontfaen to the west north-west and Maenclochog to the south south-east.
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| Foel Eryr (SN 065 320) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name of Cerrig Lladron, which is a name that appeared close to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.
Cerrig Lladron
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468m
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145
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35
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During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on a map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to. Therefore I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are inappropriate, and Cerrig Lladron is such an example as this name has been consistently applied by the Ordnance Survey to a patch of stony ground to the north-east of this hill’s summit, whilst the same maps are consistent in applying the name Foel Eryr to the hill and not just to a feature on the hill.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map |
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map |
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps |
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey historical 1:25,000 map |
The use of this name is substantiated by the name used on the panoramic viewfinder at the summit of the hill where Foel Eryr is inscribed as the name of the hill. Therefore the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Foel Eryr and this name appears on contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer maps.
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| The top of the panoramic viewfinder naming the hill as Foel Eryr |
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Preseli
Name: Foel Eryr
Previously Listed Name: Cerrig Lladron
Summit Height: 467.4m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 145
Summit Grid Reference: SN 06586 32079
Drop: 63.6m (converted to OSGM15)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Corun Fanolau (SO 015 361) - 12th significant name change
Survey post for Corun Fanolau
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 18th August 2015.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is a part of the Mynydd Epynt range, which is a group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of mid and west Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Merthyr Cynog to the west north-west and Lower Chapel to the east south-east.
The hill is a part of the Mynydd Epynt range, which is a group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of mid and west Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Merthyr Cynog to the west north-west and Lower Chapel to the east south-east.
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| Corun Fanolau (SO 015 361) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the partly invented name Bryn Fanolau, with an accompanying note stating; Name from farm to the South-West. During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them and as in this instance, use the name of what I presumed to be a farm and prefix it with the word Bryn. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
Bryn Fanolau
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423m
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160
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188
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Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar. Name from farm to the South-West.
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Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the enlarged map on the Geograph website. One of the historical maps now available is the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is details on the Draft Surveyors map that formed the basis for the change in this hill’s listed name.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map |
The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey’s surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Corun Fanolau (conforming to standard modern Welsh), and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Epynt
Name: Corun Fanolau
Previously Listed Name: Bryn Fanolau
Summit Height: 423.2m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 160
Summit Grid Reference: SO 01525 36160
Drop: 96.5m
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (September 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Gaer Fach (SO 009 366) - 11th significant name change
Survey post for Gaer Fach
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 18th August 2015.
The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is a part of the Mynydd Epynt range, which is a group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of mid and west Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Merthyr Cynog to the west north-west and Lower Chapel to the east south-east.
The hill is a part of the Mynydd Epynt range, which is a group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of mid and west Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Merthyr Cynog to the west north-west and Lower Chapel to the east south-east.
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| Gaer Fach (SO 009 366) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the partly invented name Pen Gaer Fach, with an accompanying note stating; Name from summit hillfort. During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance, use the name of the summit hillfort and add the word Pen. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
Pen Gaer Fach
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415m
|
160
|
188
|
Name from summit hillfort
|
As an appropriate name for this hill already exists on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps; Gaer Fach, the invented and prefixed word of Pen is wholly unnecessary and therefore the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Gaer Fach.
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| Extract from the current Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Please note, the current Ordnance Survey enlarged map hosted on the Geograph website gives the composition of this name as Caer fach, in this instance it is appropriate to use Gaer with a ‘G’ and Fach with a capital ‘F’.
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| Extract from the current Ordnance Survey enlarged map on the Geograph website with inappropriate composition |
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Epynt
Name: Gaer Fach
Previously Listed Name: Pen Gaer Fach
Summit Height: 413.3m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 160
Summit Grid Reference: SO 00915 36622
Drop: 35.9m (Trimble summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Y Graig Wen (SJ 240 371) - 10th significant name change
Survey post for Y Graig Wen
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 17th July 2015.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
The hill is a part of the Y Berwyn range, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of north Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Llwynmawr to the west, Craignant and Selattyn to the south-east and Bronygarth to the east.
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Y Graig Wen |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the invented name Pen Llwynmawr, with an accompanying note stating; Name from village to the West. During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them, or as in this instance, use the name of a near village. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
Pen Llwynmawr
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407m
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126
|
240/255/256
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Name from village to the West
|
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the enlarged map on the Geograph website. One of the historical maps now available is the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map naming the hill as Y Graig Wen |
The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey’s surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Y Graig Wen, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Y Graig Wen, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Y Berwyn
Name: Y Graig Wen
Previously Listed Name: Pen Llwynmawr
Summit Height: 406.9m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 126
Summit Grid Reference: SJ 24068 37100
Drop: 53.5m (converted to OSGM15)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Grugfryn (SJ 248 356) - 9th significant name change
Survey post for Grugfryn
Summit Relocations post for Grugfryn
Significant Height Revisions post for Grugfryn
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with positions for the summit and bwlch being surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 17th July 2015, and LIDAR subsequently prioritised for both.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
Y Pedwarau - All Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
The hill is a part of the Y Berwyn range, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of north Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Craignant and Selattyn to its south-east, Llwynmawr to its north-west and Bronygarth to its north-east.
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| Grugfryn (SJ 248 356) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name Plas-crogen Wood. During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. In this instance the name used was that of a wood that is positioned on the summit area of the hill. Hills being listed by names that are directly associated with a wood that appears on the summit is not uncommon and is acceptable, unless a name for the hill itself can be found either from local enquiry or from historical documentation.
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the enlarged map on the Geograph website. One of the historical maps now available is the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map which was the first map made publicly available by the Ordnance Survey.
 |
| Extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map |
The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ was the first map that Ordnance Survey published, and these maps were based on the preceding Draft Surveyors map. Their publication culminated from the whole of Britain being surveyed between 1791 and 1874 and the detail gathered therein produced at a scale of one inch to the mile and published in sheet format between 1805 and 1874. The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ maps for the whole of Wales are now available online; they are also available in map format as enlarged and re-projected versions to match the scale and dimensions of the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger series and are published by Cassini. This series of maps forms another important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names and bridge the time frame leading to the production of the Ordnance Survey base map of the Six-Inch series.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Grugfryn, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Grugfryn, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Y Berwyn
Name: Grugfryn
Previously Listed Name: Plas-crogen Wood
Summit Height: 405.1m (LIDAR)
OS 1:50,000 map: 126
Summit Grid Reference: SJ 24835 35615 (LIDAR)
Drop: 43.2m (LIDAR)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2016)
Coedcae Colfrân (SN 936 330) - 8th significant name change
Survey post for Coedcae Colfrân
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 10th June 2015.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
The hill is a part of the Mynydd Epynt range, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the south-easterly part of mid and west Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Pentre-bach to the west and Llanfihangel Nant Brân to the north-east, with the town of Pontsenni (Sennybridge) towards the south.
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| The trig pillar on the summit of Coedcae Colfrân with the peaks of Bannau Brycheiniog in the background |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the invented name Pen Maesmerddyn, with an accompanying note stating; Name from fields to the North-West.
Pen Maesmerddyn
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408m
|
160
|
188
|
Trig pillar. Name from fields to the North-West
|
During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them, or as in this instance, use the name of what I presumed to be a field. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the enlarged map on the Geograph website. One of the historical maps now available is the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map which was the first map made publicly available by the Ordnance Survey.
 |
| An extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map naming the hill as Coedcae Colfrân |
The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ was the first map that Ordnance Survey published, and these maps were based on the preceding Draft Surveyors map. Their publication culminated from the whole of Britain being surveyed between 1791 and 1874 and the detail gathered therein produced at a scale of one inch to the mile and published in sheet format between 1805 and 1874. The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ maps for the whole of Wales are now available online; they are also available in map format as enlarged and re-projected versions to match the scale and dimensions of the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger series and are published by Cassini. This series of maps forms another important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names and bridge the time frame leading to the production of the Ordnance Survey base map of the Six-Inch series.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Coedcae Colfrân, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Coedcae Colfrân, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Epynt
Name: Coedcae Colfrân
Previously Listed Name: Pen Maesmerddyn
Summit Height: 408.3m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 160
Summit Grid Reference: SN 93612 33065
Drop: 31.1m (Trimble summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Coed y Bwlch (SJ 224 304) - 7th significant name change
Survey post for Coed y Bwlch
2nd summit survey post for Coed y Bwlch
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 7th June 2015 and the 20th July 2016.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is a part of the Y Berwyn, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of north Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Rhydycroesau to the east and Llansilin to the south-west.
The hill is a part of the Y Berwyn, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of north Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Rhydycroesau to the east and Llansilin to the south-west.
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| Coed y Bwlch (SJ 224 304) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name Pen Coed y Bwlch, with an accompanying note stating; Name from wood at the summit.
Pen Coed y Bwlch
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414m
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126
|
240
|
Name from wood at the summit
|
During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them, or as in this instance, use the name of a wood. During this early hill listing I considered that a name of a wood was not appropriate for that of a hill, and this is why I prefixed the name on the map with that of Pen, I now know that the name that already appears on the map is wholly appropriate to use and requires no invented prefix.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Coed y Bwlch, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Y Berwyn
Name: Coed y Bwlch
Previously Listed Name: Pen Coed y Bwlch
Summit Height: 414.0m (average of two surveys and converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 126
Summit Grid Reference: SJ 22416 30481
Drop: 86.1m (converted to OSGM15)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Belan (SJ 222 324) - 6th significant name change
Survey post for Belan
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 7th June 2015.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is a part of the Y Berwyn, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of north Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Rhydycroesau to the south-east, Selattyn and Craignant to the north-east and Tregeiriog to the west north-west.
The hill is a part of the Y Berwyn, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of north Wales. The hill is positioned between the small communities of Rhydycroesau to the south-east, Selattyn and Craignant to the north-east and Tregeiriog to the west north-west.
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| Belan (SJ 222 324) |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name Pen-y-gwely, with an accompanying note stating; Name from reservoir to the South. During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them, or as in this instance, use the name of a reservoir to the south of the hill. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
Pen-y-gwely
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412m
|
126
|
240/255
|
MP survey: 30.2m / 99'. Height from Explorer 240. Name from reservoir to the South.
|
Since publication of these P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of Ordnance Survey maps made available online, some of these are historical such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the enlarged map on the Geograph website. One of the historical maps now available is the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map which was the first map made publicly available by the Ordnance Survey.
 |
| Extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map |
The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ was the first map that Ordnance Survey published, and they were based on the preceding Draft Surveyors map. Their publication culminated from the whole of Britain being surveyed between 1791 and 1874 and the detail gathered therein produced at a scale of one inch to the mile and published in sheet format between 1805 and 1874. The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ maps for the whole of Wales are now available online; they are also available in map format as enlarged and re-projected versions to match the scale and dimensions of the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger series and are published by Cassini. This series of maps forms another important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names and bridge the time frame leading to the production of the Ordnance Survey base map of the Six-Inch series.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Belan, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in Y Pedwarau is Belan, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Y Berwyn
Name: Belan
Previously Listed Name: Pen-y-gwely
Summit Height: 411.2m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 126
Summit Grid Reference: SJ 22211 32401
Drop: 30.0m (converted to OSGM15)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales
Mynydd Coch (SH 804 099) - 5th significant name change
Survey post for Mynydd Coch
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill listed in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from a Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit survey conducted by Myrddyn Phillips and assisted by Graham Jackson and LIDAR bwlch analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.
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| Mynydd Coch (SH 804 099) |
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
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| Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams |
The hill is adjoined to the Aran Fawddwy group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of North Wales (Region C1, Sub-Region C1B), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north, the A487 road to its west and the A470 to its east, and has the small community of Aberllefenni towards the west.
The hill appeared in the original Welsh 400m P30 list compiled by Myrddyn Phillips and published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Mynydd Cwmcelli, which is a prominent name that appears approximately 1km west north-westward of the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is consistently placed on Ordnance Survey maps applicable to a 408m map heighted hill whose summit is positioned at SH 795 101.
| Mynydd Cwmcelli | 469m | SH804099 | 124/125 | 23/215 | Marilyn. Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar. aka Craig-goch. |
During the original compilation of this list Myrddyn Phillips used the map name that appeared closest to the summit of the listed hill or which seemed most appropriate for the hill, without due consideration for its positional value, doing so can perpetuate the use of inappropriate names. As the 408m map heighted hill seemed of little consequence and was not then listed the use of its name for another hill did not seem inappropriate. This is not a practice that he now advocates as with research either conducted locally or historically a more appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
%20-%201%2025000.jpg) |
| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online. Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites. Two of the historic maps now available online are the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is the former map that has prompted the change in the listed name of this hill.
The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map. They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas. Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing. The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that places the name of Mynydd Coch adjacent to the summit of this hill.
%20-%20Draft%20Surveyors%203.jpg) |
| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map |
This list is now co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and when the 1st edition of the list was published by Europeaklist in May 2013, the listed name of this hill was changed to Mynydd Coch.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales is Mynydd Coch, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Aran Fawddwy
Name: Mynydd Coch
Previously Listed Name: Mynydd Cwmcelli
OS 1:50,000 map: 124, 125
Summit Height: 468.3m (converted to OSGM15, Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Summit Grid Reference: SH 80458 09952 (Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Bwlch Height: 313.0m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SH 81012 10795 (LIDAR)
Drop: 155.3m (Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Painscastle Hill (SO 156 481) - 4th significant name change
Survey post for Painscastle Hill
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that appears in the Y Pedwarau, and the following details are in respect of a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 4th May 2015.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with one of the accompanying sub lists being the 400m Sub-Pedwarau, and these are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 20m and more and below 30m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams, and the introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appeared on the 30th January 2017.
The hill is a part of the Fforest Glud, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the eastern part of mid and west Wales. The hill is positioned with the small communities of Castell-paen (Painscastle) to its south south-east and Bryngwyn to its east north-east.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
The hill is a part of the Fforest Glud, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the eastern part of mid and west Wales. The hill is positioned with the small communities of Castell-paen (Painscastle) to its south south-east and Bryngwyn to its east north-east.
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| Painscastle Hill (SO 156 481) |
The hill appeared in the Sub List that accompanied the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the name Ireland’s Well Hill, with an accompanying note stating; Name from well to the West.
Ireland's Well Hill
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446m
|
148
|
188
|
Name from well to the West
|
During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to invent a name for a hill if no name seemed to appear for it on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them, and in this instance I used a name of a well. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
The name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Painscastle Hill, and this was derived from local enquiry.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Fforest Glud
Name: Painscastle Hill
Previously Listed Name: Ireland’s Well Hill
Summit Height: 445.9m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 148
Summit Grid Reference: SO 15689 48172
Drop: 29.7m (converted to OSGM15)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (August 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Gwastad Mawr (SJ 210 349) - 3rd significant name change
Summit survey post for Gwastad Mawr
Bwlch survey post for Gwastad Mawr
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with positions for the summit and bwlch being surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 29th April 2015 and 7th June 2015 respectively, and LIDAR being subsequently prioritised for the bwlch.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
The hill is part of the Y Berwyn, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the south-eastern part of north Wales. The hill is positioned with the town of Glyn Ceiriog to its north, and with the small communities of Craignant and Selattyn towards its east.
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| The point surveyed for the summit of Gwastad Mawr |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name Pen y Gwely North Top, with an accompanying note stating; Name from hill to the South.
During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them, or as in this instance, use the name of another hill as a directional name as no other map name seemed suitable for the listed hill. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
Pen y Gwely North Top
|
449m
|
126
|
240/255
|
Name from hill to the South
|
During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them, or as in this instance, use the name of another hill as a directional name as no other map name seemed suitable for the listed hill. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
The name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Gwastad Mawr, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map.
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| An extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map |
The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ was the first map that Ordnance Survey published, and they were based on the preceding Draft Surveyors map. Their publication culminated from the whole of Britain being surveyed between 1791 and 1874 and the detail gathered therein produced at a scale of one inch to the mile and published in sheet format between 1805 and 1874. The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ maps for the whole of Wales are now available online; they are also available in map format as enlarged and re-projected versions to match the scale and dimensions of the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger series and are published by Cassini. This series of maps forms another important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names and bridge the time frame leading to the production of the Ordnance Survey base map of the Six-Inch series.
The full details for the hill are:
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Y Berwyn
Name: Gwastad Mawr
Previously Listed Name: Pen y Gwely North Top
Summit Height: 448.9m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 126
Summit Grid Reference: SJ 21055 34971
Drop: 35.3m (Trimble summit and LIDAR bwlch)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales
Cerrig Coegion (SN 790 176) - 2nd significant name change
Survey post for Cerrig Coegion
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pellennig - The Remotest Hills of Wales and Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from a Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit survey and LIDAR bwlch analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.
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| The summit of Cerrig Coegion (SN 790 176) |
The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:
Y Pellennig –The Remotest Hills of Wales - Welsh hills whose summit is at least 2.5km from the nearest paved public road and the hill has a minimum 15m of drop. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is available as a downloadable e-booklet or print-booklet version on Mapping Mountains Publications with the up-to-date master list available on Mapping Mountains to download in Google Doc format.
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| Y Pellennig - The Remotest Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams |
Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales. Welsh hills at or above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, accompanying the main list are five categories of sub hills; 500m Sub-Pedwarau, 500m Double Sub-Pedwarau, 400m Sub-Pedwarau, 390m Sub-Pedwarau and the 390m Double Sub-Pedwarau. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams and is published on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format.
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| Y Pedwarau - The 400m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams |
The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Du group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with the A4069 road to its west the A4067 road to its south and east, and has the town of Ystradgynlais towards the south and the small community of Glyntawe towards the east.
The hill appeared in the original Welsh 400m P30 list compiled by Myrddyn Phillips and published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Pen Bwlch y Ddeuwynt, with an accompanying note stating; Name from bwlch to the North-West.
| Pen Bwlch y Ddeuwynt | 474m | SN791176 | 160 | 12 | Trig pillar at 471m to the South. Name from bwlch to the North-West. |
When Myrddyn Phillips first compiled this list he thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. His preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance use the name of a bwlch and add the word Pen to it. This is not a practice that he now advocates as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
Prior to the publication of the 1st edition of this list by Europeaklist in May 2013, local place-name enquiries were made. Through these the name of Cerrig Coegion was given for this hill. Subsequent research found the name recorded in Bugail Y Mynydd Du by Rhys Davies.
Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pellennig - The Remotest Hills of Wales and Y Pedwarau – The 400m Hills of Wales is Cerrig Coegion, and this was derived from local enquiry.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Du
Name: Cerrig Coegion
Previously Listed Name: Pen Bwlch y Ddeuwynt
OS 1:50,000 map: 160
Summit Height: 473.4m (converted to OSGM15, Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Summit Grid Reference: SN 79087 17673 (Trimble GeoXH 6000)
Bwlch Height: 415.4m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 79544 18696 & SN 79547 18693 & SN 79549 18689 (LIDAR)
Drop: 57.9m
Remoteness: 4.750km
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (July 2016)
Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - Y Pedwarau
Foel Fawr (SN 900 904) - 1st significant name change
Survey post for Foel Fawr
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Pedwarau, with the following details relating to a hill that was surveyed with the Trimble GeoXH 6000 on the 18th April 2014.
The criteria for the list that this name change affects are:
Y Pedwarau - These are the Welsh hills at and above 400m and below 500m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with the introduction to the publication of this list on Mapping Mountains appearing on the 30th January 2017. The list is co-authored by Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams.
The hill is part of the Pumlumon range, which is an extensive group of hills situated in the north-western part of mid and west Wales, and is positioned between the small communities of Penffordd-las (Staylittle) to the north-west and Llawr-y-glyn to the east north-east, with the reservoir of Llyn Clywedog to the hill’s south.
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| The Trimble GeoXH 6000 gathering data at the summit of Foel Fawr |
The hill appeared in the 400m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website under the name Bryn yr Hwrdd, this name appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map over 1 km north-westward from this hill’s summit and is consistently placed on Ordnance Survey maps applicable to land centred at SN 899 911.
During my early hill listing I used the map name that appeared closest to the summit of the listed hill or which seemed most appropriate for the hill, without due consideration for its positional value, doing so can perpetuate the use of inappropriate names. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically a more appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
During my early hill listing I used the map name that appeared closest to the summit of the listed hill or which seemed most appropriate for the hill, without due consideration for its positional value, doing so can perpetuate the use of inappropriate names. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with research either conducted locally or historically a more appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
Bryn yr Hwrdd
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421m
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136
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214/215
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The name this hill is now listed by in the Y Pedwarau is Foel Fawr, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey enlarged mapping that is hosted on the Geograph website. This mapping became publicly available after the original P30 lists were published on Geoff Crowder's v-g.me website.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey enlarged map on the Geograph website |
Since the publication of these P30 lists there have been a number of historical Ordnance Survey maps made available online, including the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website, much of the place-name information on these maps were the source for what now appears on the Ordnance Survey enlarged mapping hosted on the Geograph website.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey Six-Inch map published in 1885 |
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Pumlumon
Name: Foel Fawr
Previously Listed Name: Bryn yr Hwrdd
Summit Height: 422.9m (converted to OSGM15)
OS 1:50,000 map: 136
Summit Grid Reference: SN 90029 90416
Drop: 44.1m (converted to OSGM15)
Myrddyn Phillips and Aled Williams (June 2016)
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