Tuesday 6 December 2022

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

 

200m Twmpau – Significant Name Changes

The 200m Twmpau (thirty welsh metre prominences and upward) are the Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have a minimum drop of 30m.  Accompanying the main P30 list is a sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau with the qualification to this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop.

The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips and the posts that have appeared on Mapping Mountains detailing the significant name changes to the main P30 list and the sub list appear below presented chronologically in receding order.









Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Scotland Wood (SN 758 301) - 131st significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Scotland Wood

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Scotland Wood (SN 758 301)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Du group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads with the A4069 road farther to its north-west, and has the town of Llanymddyfri (Llandovery) towards the north.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this sub category.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and it was listed under the name of Allt Llwynmeredydd, which is a prominent name that appears to the east of the summit on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites, and it is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps that form the basis of the change in the listed name of this hill. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map.  The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that position the name of Scotland Wood close to the summit of this hill, with the name Allt Llwynmeredydd applying to land that does not incorporate the summit of this hill.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Scotland Wood and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Du

Name:  Scotland Wood

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Llwynmeredydd   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146, 160

Summit Height:  217.4m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 75858 30192 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  195.5m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 75762 29945 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  21.8m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (April 2024)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Comin Gwauncaegurwen (SN 721 131) - 130th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Comin Gwauncaegurwen

Significant Height Revisions post for Comin Gwauncaegurwen

Summit Relocations post for Comin Gwauncaegurwen

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail produced by Joe Nuttall in his surface analysis progamme, with subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by the DoBIH team and independently by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Comin Gwauncaegurwen (SN 721 131)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Du group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with the A4068 road to its north, the A4069 road to its west and a minor road to its south-west, and has the village of Brynaman towards the north-west.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the main P30 list or the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list, as with no significant contours of note on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map it was difficult to know whether any hill of note existed. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill that could be deemed as natural as 258.4m, and with a 218.5m bwlch height, these values give this hill 39.9m of drop, which is sufficient for it to be classified as a 200m Twmpau. 

Extract from the Tithe map

As the summit of this hill used to comprise bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 195 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as a part of Gwauncaegurwen Common on the Tithe map and in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llan-giwg and in the county named as Glamorgan. 

Extract from the apportionments

The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, with originating Cymraeg names being anglicised and also originating English names being cymricised, examples such as these are more common in border country and especially so for anglicised forms.  There is no steadfast rule that fits all, but as a standard a name that has its origins in the Welsh language and where this is substantiated by either historic documentation and/or contemporary usage should be prioritised in favour of a contemporary anglicised or English version of the name.  Likewise, if a name exists where an element of it is in English and if this name applies to a hill that is situated in a Welsh speaking part of Wales it is standard practice to use a full Welsh term for the name.  It is also standard practice to use a Welsh name for a hill if another name exists that has originated in a different language.

Therefore, the name this hill is listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Comin Gwauncaegurwen and this was derived from the Tithe map with the prioritised language protocol being used. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Du

Name:  Comin Gwauncaegurwen

Previously Listed Name:  unclassified   

OS 1:50,000 map:  160

Summit Height:  258.4m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 72135 13154 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  218.5m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 72505 12523 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  39.9m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (April 2024)




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Mynydd Bach Brechfa (SN 520 286) - 129th significant name change

Significant Height Revisions post for Mynydd Bach Brechfa

Summit Relocations post for Mynydd Bach Brechfa

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail produced by Joe Nuttall in his surface analysis programme, with subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by the DoBIH team and independently by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Mynydd Bach Brechfa (SN 520 286)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the B4310 road to its north and west, and a minor road to its immediate south-east, and has the village of Brechfa towards the north north-east.

The hill appeared in the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Gilfach-y-rhiw, with an accompanying note stating: Name from buildings to the North.


Gilfach-y-rhiw294mSN521286146186Name from buildings to the North


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites, and it is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps that form the basis of the change in the listed name of this hill.

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map.  The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that position the name of Mynydd Bach Brechfa close to the summit of this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

This name also appears against this hill on the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, available on the National Library of Wales website giving access to the Tithe maps and a screen grab of this is also shown below.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map hosted on the National Library Of Wales website for the Tithe maps

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Mynydd Bach Brechfa and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Prencarreg

Name:  Mynydd Bach Brechfa

Previously Listed Name:  Gilfach-y-rhiw   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  296.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 52039 28618 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  223.7m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 51351 28147 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  72.3m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (March 2024)

 

 


Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Bwlchwernen Fach (SN 606 556) - 128th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Bwlchwernen Fach

Summit Relocations post for Bwlchwernen Fach

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Bwlchwernen Fach (SN 606 556)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north and west, and the A485 road to its south-east, and has the village of Llanddewibrefi towards the east.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this sub category.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and it was listed under the name of Allt Gelligarneddau, which is a prominent name that appears to the north of the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on the map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to.  Therefore, I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are either inappropriate or where another name is viewed as being more appropriate.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites.

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map.  The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that position the name of Allt Gelligarneddau applicable to a wood to the north-east of the summit of this hill.  This is named land associated with the farm of Gelligarneddau which is positioned at SN 608 554.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the highest remaining natural ground of this hill is situated is given the number 281 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as a part of Bwlchwernen Fach in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llangybi and in the county named as Cardigan. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Bwlchwernen Fach and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Bwlchwernen Fach

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Gelligarneddau   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  256.35m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 60699 55684 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  230.7m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 60598 55268 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  25.7m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (January 2024)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Graig (SN 537 108) - 127th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Graig

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Graig (SN 537 108)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Sylen group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with a minor road to its west, the B4306 road to its south and the B4310 and A476 roads to its north-west, and has the village of Y Tymbl towards the north.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website listed as a twin top, with this hill appearing under the transposed name of Garn-Fach, with an accompanying note for this top stating; Name from buildings to the North-West.


Garn-Fach 220cSN538109159178Name from buildings to the North-West 


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.                                                               

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 2111 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Graig in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanon and in the county named as Carmarthenshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Graig, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Sylen

Name:  Graig

Previously Listed Name:  Graig-Fach   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  223.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 53789 10889 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  199.2m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 54478 10875 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  23.9m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (January 2024)




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Cae Cefn (SN 547 121) - 126th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Cae Cefn

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail produced by Joe Nuttall in his surface analysis programme, with subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by the DoBIH team and independently by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cae Cefn (SN 547 121)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Sylen group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north and east, the B4310 road to its south-west and the A476 road to its south-east, and has the village of Cross Hands towards the east north-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website listed as a twin top, with this hill appearing under the transposed and invented name of Tumble Hill, with an accompanying note for this top stating; Name from town to the South-West.


Tumble Hill220cSN547121159178Name from town to the South-West


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a near town and add the word Hill to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.                                                               

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 2628 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae Cefn in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanon and in the county named as Carmarthenshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Cae Cefn, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Sylen

Name:  Cae Cefn

Previously Listed Name:  Tumble Hill   

OS 1:50,000 map:  159

Summit Height:  226.5m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 54711 12139 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  196.8m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 54478 11503 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  29.7m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (December 2023)




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Cae’r Faen Mynach (SN 765 003) - 125th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Cae'r Faen Mynach

Significant Height Revisions post for Cae'r Faen Mynach

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail produced by Joe Nuttall in his surface analysis programme, with subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by the DoBIH team and independently by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cae'r Faen Mynach (SN 765 003)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Fan Fawr group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with a minor road to its west, the A474 road farther to its west, the A4230 and A465 roads to its south and the A4109 road to its east, and has the village of Aberdulais towards the south-east. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Craig y Gigfran, which is a prominent name that appears to the north of the summit of this hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.


Craig y Gigfran234mSN765003170165Trig pillar at 202m to the South


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.  

Extract from the Tithe map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the apportionments

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 2220 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae’r Faen Mynach in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llangatwg and in the county named as Glamorgan. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

Extract from the Tithe map superimposed over the Ordnance Survey Six-Inch map

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Cae’r Faen Mynach, and this was derived from the Tithe map and this is preferred to the name of Craig y Gigfran, as although this is one of the main named features of the hill the name is specific to land that does not incorporate the summit as evidenced by the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps positioning it against steep ground to the north north-east of the summit and the Tithe map which names this enclosed land as Graig.  Therefore, the name given to the enclosed land incorporating the summit is prioritised over the land name given to a specific feature that is not at the summit. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Fan Fawr

Name:  Cae’r Faen Mynach

Previously Listed Name:  Craig y Gigfran   

OS 1:50,000 map:  170

Summit Height:  237.6m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 76549 00356 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  207.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 75759 01169 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  30.6m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (December 2023) 




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Diosgydd (SH 777 583) - 124th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Diosgydd

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Diosgydd (SH 777 583)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Carnedd Llywelyn group of hills, which are situated in the north-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the A5 road farther to its south-west, and has the town of Betws-y-coed towards the south-east.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this sub category.

When the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and it was listed under the point (Pt. c 221m) notation with an estimated c 14m of drop, based on an estimated c 221m summit height and an estimated c 207m bwlch height, with both heights based on interpolation of 10m contouring that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 16 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Diosgau in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Betws-y-coed and in the county named as Caernarfonshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Diosgydd, which is the prioritised plural of this name and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Carnedd Llywelyn

Name:  Diosgydd

Previously Listed Name:  Pt. c 221m   

OS 1:50,000 map:  115

Summit Height:  220.85m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 77763 58341 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  200.3m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 77620 58363 & SH 77888 58272 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  20.6m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (December 2023)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Aber y Llyn (SH 791 580) - 123rd significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Aber y Llyn (SH 791 580)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Carnedd Llywelyn group of hills, which are situated in the north-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-west and south-west, with the A5 road farther to its south-west, and the B5106 road to its east, and has the town of Betws-y-coed towards the south south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Pen-yr-allt-isaf, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South.


Pen-yr-allt-isaf246mSH79158011517Name from buildings to the South
                                                                         

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales.

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 12a on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Aber y Llyn in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Betws-y-coed and in the county named as Caernarfonshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Aber y Llyn, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Carnedd Llywelyn

Name:  Aber y Llyn

Previously Listed Name:  Pen-yr-allt-isaf   

OS 1:50,000 map:  115

Summit Height:  246.8m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 79130 58003 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  217.4m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 78973 58411 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  29.4m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (November 2023)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Tan y Castell (SH 788 583) - 122nd significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Tan y Castell

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Tan y Castell (SH 788 583)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Carnedd Llywelyn group of hills, which are situated in the north-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-west and south, with the A5 road to its south-west, and the B5106 road to its east, and has the town of Betws-y-coed towards the south south-east.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this category.

When the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and it was listed under the point (Pt. 253m) notation with an estimated c 21m of drop, based on the 253m summit spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated c 232m bwlch height, based on interpolation of 10m contouring between 230m – 240m. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 14 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Tan y Castell in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Betws-y-coed and in the county named as Caernarfonshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Tan y Castell, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Carnedd Llywelyn

Name:  Tan y Castell

Previously Listed Name:  Pt. 253m   

OS 1:50,000 map:  115

Summit Height:  252.4m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 78847 58306 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  229.9m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 78760 58481 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  22.5m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (November 2023)




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Castell Dolforwyn (SO 151 950) - 121st significant name change

Significant Height Revisions post for Castell Dolforwyn

Survey post for Castell Dolforwyn

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from a Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey and LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Castell Dolforwyn (SO 151 950)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Carnedd Wen group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A3), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B4389 road farther to its south-west and the A483 road farther to its south-east, and has the town of Y Drenewydd (Newtown) towards the south-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Dolforwyn Castle, with an accompanying note stating; Name from remains of castle at summit.


Dolforwyn Castle230cSO152951136215Name from remains of castle at summit


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a bilingual name that appears on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites.  One of the historic maps now available online is the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is the Draft Surveyors map and the prioritised language protocol that has prompted the change in the listed name of this hill.

The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map.  They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas.  Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing.  The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that uses the name of Castell Dolforwyn. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map

The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, with originating Cymraeg names being anglicised and also originating English names being cymricised, examples such as these are more common in border country and especially so for anglicised forms.  There is no steadfast rule that fits all, but as a standard a name that has its origins in the Welsh language and where this is substantiated by either historic documentation and/or contemporary usage should be prioritised in favour of a contemporary anglicised or English version of the name.  Likewise, if a name exists where an element of it is in English and if this name applies to a hill that is situated in a Welsh speaking part of Wales it is standard practice to use a full Welsh term for the name.  It is also standard practice to use a Welsh name for a hill if another name exists that has originated in a different language.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Castell Dolforwyn, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map with the prioritised language protocol being used. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Carnedd Wen

Name:  Castell Dolforwyn

Previously Listed Name:  Dolforwyn Castle   

OS 1:50,000 map:  136

Summit Height:  228.5m (Trimble GeoXH 6000) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SO 15189 95016 (Trimble GeoXH 6000) 

Bwlch Height:  188.1m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SO 14988 95278 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  40.4m (Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit and LIDAR bwlch) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (November 2023)

  



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Coedmor (SH 784 587) - 120th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Coedmor (SH 784 587)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Carnedd Llywelyn group of hills, which are situated in the north-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its south, the A5 road to its south-west and the B5106 road to its east, and has the town of Betws-y-coed towards the south south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Pen Coedmawr, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South.


Pen Coedmawr298mSH78558711517Name from buildings to the South


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them; as was done in this instance.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 15 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Coedmor in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Betws-y-coed and in the county named as Caernarfonshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Coedmor, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Carnedd Llywelyn

Name:  Coedmor

Previously Listed Name:  Pen Coedmawr   

OS 1:50,000 map:  115

Summit Height:  298.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 78425 58719 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  237.7m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 77832 59264 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  60.4m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (November 2023)




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Diosgydd (SH 781 580) - 119th significant name change


There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Diosgydd (SH 781 580)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward.

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Carnedd Llywelyn group of hills, which are situated in the north-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A1), and it is positioned with a minor road and the A5 road to its south-west and the B5106 road to its east, and has the town of Betws-y-coed towards the south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Bryn Tanycastell, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the East.


Bryn Tanycastell254mSH78158111517Name from buildings to the East


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them; as was done in this instance.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales.

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 16 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Diosgau in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Betws-y-coed and in the county named as Caernarfonshire.

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Diosgydd, which is the prioritised plural of this name and this was derived from the Tithe map.


The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Carnedd Llywelyn

Name:  Diosgydd

Previously Listed Name:  Bryn Tanycastell   

OS 1:50,000 map:  115

Summit Height:  254.1m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 78100 58064 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height:  218.3m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 78568 58114 (LIDAR)

Drop:  35.8m (LIDAR)


Myrddyn Phillips (October 2023)




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Tan y Castell (SH 784 580) - 118th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Tan y Castell

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Tan y Castell (SH 784 580)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Carnedd Llywelyn group of hills, which are situated in the north-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the A5 road farther to its south-west, and the B5106 road farther to its east, and has the town of Betws-y-coed towards the south-east.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this category.

When the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and it was listed under the point (Pt. 248m) notation with an estimated c 29m of drop, based on the 248m summit spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated c 219m bwlch height, based on interpolation of 10m contouring between 210m – 220m. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 14 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Tan y Castell in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Betws-y-coed and in the county named as Caernarfonshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Tan y Castell, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Carnedd Llywelyn

Name:  Tan y Castell

Previously Listed Name:  Pt. 248m   

OS 1:50,000 map:  115

Summit Height:  248.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 78439 58011 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  220.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 78394 58095 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  28.6m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (October 2023)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Diosgydd (SH 775 579) - 117th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Diosgydd

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail produced by Joe Nuttall in his surface analysis programme, with subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by the DoBIH team and independently by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Diosgydd (SH 775  579)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Carnedd Llywelyn group of hills, which are situated in the north-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the A5 road farther to its south-west, and has the town of Betws-y-coed towards the south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Bryn Diosgydd, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the West.


Bryn Diosgydd233mSH77557911517Name from buildings to the West


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them; as was done in this instance.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 16 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Diosgau in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Betws-y-coed and in the county named as Caernarfonshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Diosgydd, which is the prioritised plural of this name and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Carnedd Llywelyn

Name:  Diosgydd

Previously Listed Name:  Bryn Diosgydd   

OS 1:50,000 map:  115

Summit Height:  233.05m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 77503 57940 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  202.85m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 77793 57796 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  30.2m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (October 2023)




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Blaen Pibydd (SN 286 337 & SN 286 336) - 116th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Blaen Pibydd

Summit Relocations post for Blaen Pibydd

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail produced by Joe Nuttall in his surface analysis programme, with subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by the DoBIH team and independently by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Blaen Pibydd (SN 286 337 and SN 286 336)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B4299 road farther to its south-east, and has the town of Castellnewydd Emlyn (Newcastle Emlyn) towards the north north-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Allt y Pibydd, with an accompanying note stating; Name from stream to the South-East.


Allt y Pibydd224mSN287336145185Name from stream to the South-East.


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a near stream and add the words Allt y to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 448 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as a part of Blaen Pibydd land in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Cilrhedyn and in the county named as Pembroke and Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Blaen Pibydd, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Blaen Pibydd

Previously Listed Name:  Allt y Pibydd   

OS 1:50,000 map:  145

Summit Height:  223.9m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 28692 33707 & SN 28695 33701 & SN 28696 33697 & SN 28694 33695 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  195.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 28588 33103 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  28.8m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (October 2023)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Lan Fanal (SN 795 343) - 115th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Lan Fanal

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail produced by Joe Nuttall in his surface analysis progamme, with subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by the DoBIH team and independently by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Lan Fanal (SN 795 343)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Du group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B5), and it is positioned with the A40 road to its north and a minor road to its south-west, and has the town of Llanymddyfri (Llandovery) towards the west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Twyn y Gwerddon, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the East.


Twyn y Gwerddon238mSN796343146/16012/187Name from buildings to the East


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and add the words Twyn y to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1402 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Lan Fanal in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llandingad and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Lan Fanal, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Du

Name:  Lan Fanal

Previously Listed Name:  Twyn y Gwerddon   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146, 160

Summit Height:  237.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 79588 34329 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  207.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 79626 33074 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  30.7m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2023)




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Ffridd (SH 730 035) - 114th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Ffridd

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail produced by Joe Nuttall in his surface analysis progamme, with subsequent LIDAR analysis conducted by the DoBIH team and independently by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Ffridd (SH 730 035)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Tarren y Gesail group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A3), and it is positioned with the A493 road to its south and the A487 road to its east, and has the town of Machynlleth towards the south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Bryn-du, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the North-East.


Bryn-du250cSH73003513523Name from buildings to the North-East


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 247 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Ffridd in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Pennal and in the county named as Merioneth. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Ffridd, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Tarren y Gesail

Name:  Ffridd

Previously Listed Name:  Bryn-du   

OS 1:50,000 map:  135

Summit Height:  254.8m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 73058 03518 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  223.7m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 72809 03682 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  31.1m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2023)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Parc Bigni Uchaf (SN 063 261) - 113th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Parc Bigni Uchaf (SN 063 261)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Preseli group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B4329 road farther to its north-west and the B4313 road farther to its east, and has the village of Maenclochog towards the north-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Pen-lan, which is a prominent name that appears to the north of the hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.


Pen-lan238mSN065262145/15835


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a name that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and presume it that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 374 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Parc Bigni Uchaf in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Y Mot and in the county named as Pembroke. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Parc Bigni Uchaf, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Preseli

Name:  Parc Bigni Uchaf

Previously Listed Name:  Pen-lan   

OS 1:50,000 map:  145, 158

Summit Height:  238.3m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 06387 26135 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  205.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 06562 27101 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  33.3m (LIDAR) 

 

My thanks to Aled Williams for advice in relation to the listed name of this hill

Myrddyn Phillips (March 2023)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Parc Lan Uchaf (SN 100 261) - 112th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Parc Lan Uchaf

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Parc Lan Uchaf (SN 100 261) 

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Preseli group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B4546 road farther to its north-east and the A487 road farther to its south-east, and has the town of Aberteifi (Cardigan) towards the east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Pen Rhos, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South.


Pen Rhos200cSN101261145/15835Name from buildings to the South


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 271 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Parc Lan Uchaf in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llan-y-cefn and in the county named as Pemroke. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Parc Lan Uchaf, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Preseli

Name:  Parc Lan Uchaf

Previously Listed Name:  Pen Rhos 

OS 1:50,000 map:  145, 158

Summit Height:  201.2m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 10053 26179 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  129.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 09509 26745 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  72.2m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  35.90% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (March 2023)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Crugiau Maen Saeson (SN 141 456) - 111th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Crugiau Maen Saeson


There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data and LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Crugiau Maen Saeson (SN 141 456)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Preseli group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the B4546 road farther to its north-east and the A487 road farther to its south-east, and has the town of Aberteifi (Cardigan) towards the east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Bryn Pantsaeson, with an accompanying note stating; Name from farm to the South-West.


Bryn Pantsaeson205mSN14245514535/198Name from farm to the South-West.


During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

When compiling the list of the Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales I made place-name enquiries for a number of hills, including this one.  I contacted Glen Johnson in relation to this hill and its name.  Glen had conducted a tremendous amount of research concentrating on the area surrounding Aberteifi (Cardigan).  He told me the name of the ancient cairns on the summit area of this hill is Crugiau Maen Saeson, with the farm of Maensaeson situated to the west of the summit.  He also said that the cairns are also known locally as Pantygroes Cairns, with the farm of Pantygroes situated north-north-westward from the summit.  Glen explained that the cairns are either side of the minor road that passes to the east and north of the summit area, and that the ancient cairn at the summit may have been damaged when the Reservoir was built close to it.  LIDAR imaging suggests this cairn is intact, although an on-site visit by an archaeologist would confirm one way or the other.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Crugiau Maen Saeson, and this was derived from local enquiry. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Preseli

Name:  Crugiau Maen Saeson

Previously Listed Name:  Bryn Pantsaeson 

OS 1:50,000 map:  145

Summit Height:  205.3m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 14104 45618 & SN 14106 45618 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  c 127m (interpolation) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 15174 41089 (interpolation) 

Drop:  c 78m (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch) 

Dominance:  38.13% (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (March 2023)




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Cae Gwar TÅ· (SN 656 640) - 110th significant name change

Summit Relocations post for Cae Gwar TÅ·

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data and LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cae Gwar TÅ· (SN 656 640)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A485 road to its west and south, and a minor road to its east, and has the town of Tregaron towards the south south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Esgair-maen, which is a prominent name that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and relates to a farm and not necessarily the hill.


Esgair-maen266mSN655642146199Trig pillar. Included by contour configuration

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a prominent name that appears on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps and presume it that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1426 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae Gwar TÅ· in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Caron and in the county named as Cardigan. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Cae Gwar TÅ·, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Cae Gwar TÅ·

Previously Listed Name:  Esgair-maen   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  266.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 65639 64049 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  c 232m (interpolation) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 64663 64467 (interpolation) 

Drop:  c 34m (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch) 

 

My thanks to Aled Williams for advice relating to the listed name of this hill

Myrddyn Phillips (December 2022)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Pt. 249.0m (SN 651 624) - 109th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Pt. 249.0m (SN 651 624)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward.                 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A485 road to its north-east, the B4578 road to its west and the B4342 road to its south, and has the town of Tregaron towards the south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Bryncipill, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South.


Bryncipill249mSN652624146199Name from buildings to the South.

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, on occasion even when research is conducted an appropriate name for the hill may not be found, and on such occasions the listing protocol is to use the point (Pt. 249.0m) notation, and for this hill this is such an example.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Pt. 249.0m, and this is being used as the author has not found an appropriate name for the hill either through historic research and/or local enquiry. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Pt. 249.0m

Previously Listed Name:  Bryncipill   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  249.0m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 65161 62417 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  211.5m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 65088 63049 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  37.5m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (December 2022)

 



Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Banc Pontfaen (SN 564 484) - 108th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Banc Pontfaen

Summit Relocations post for Banc Pontfaen

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Banc Pontfaen (SN 564 484)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A482 road to its north-east, and a minor road to its south-west and east, and has the town of Llanbedr Pont Steffan (Lampeter) towards the east south-east.

The qualifying hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Allt Ty-llwyd, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South-East.


Allt Ty-llwyd224mSN550487146199Name from buildings to the South-East.

 

When the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and its summit relocated to SN 564 484 and listed under the name of Blaen-wern Wood with an estimated c 32m of drop, based on an estimated c 226m summit height and an estimated c 194m bwlch height, with both heights based on interpolation of 5m contouring that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

During my early hill listing I paid little regard to name placement on the map, or the meaning of names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to.  Therefore, I prioritised names for listing purposes that I now understand are either inappropriate or where another name is viewed as being more appropriate.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites.  One of the historic maps now available online is the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is the Draft Surveyors map that has prompted the change in the listed name of this hill. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors Map

The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map.  They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas.  Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing.  The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that uses the name of Pontfaen Bank, with it being listed as Banc Pontfaen 

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Banc Pontfaen, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors Map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Banc Pontfaen

Previously Listed Name:  Blaen-wern Wood   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  225.6m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 56441 48477 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  194.2m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 55294 49452 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  31.4m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (December 2022) 




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Castell Draenog (SN 523 534) - 107th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Castell Draenog (SN 523 534)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its west, the B4337 road to its east and the A482 road to its north-east, and has the town of Llanbedr Pont Steffan (Lampeter) towards the south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Allt Castell-draenog, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South-East.


Allt Castell-draenog220cSN523534146199Name from buildings to the South-East

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and add the word Allt to it.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 31 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Castell Draenog in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanfihangel Ystrad and in the county named as Cardiganshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Castell Draenog, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Castell Draenog

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Castell-draenog   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  219.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 52311 53453 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  188.8m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 51932 53343 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  30.9m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (December 2022)




Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Banc Bryn Amlwg (SN 547 504) - 106th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Banc Bryn Amlwg (SN 547 504)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its west and the A482 road to its north-east, and has the town of Llanbedr Pont Steffan (Lampeter) towards the south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Allt Maestir, which is a prominent name that appears to the west of the summit of this hill on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.


Allt Maestir278mSN547505146199Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar.

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a name that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and which does not necessarily apply to land where the summit is situated, and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites.  One of the historic maps now available online is the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors map which formed the basis for the first publicly available Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map, and it is the Draft Surveyors map in combination with the Six-Inch map that has prompted the change in the listed name of this hill.

The Draft Surveyors maps consist of the preliminary drawings made by the Ordnance Survey surveyors between the 1780s and 1840 and formed the basis for the first publicly available One-Inch map.  They were drawn at scales of six inches to the mile for areas considered of particular military significance and down to two inches to the mile for other areas.  Fair copies were then produced from these preliminary drawings to one inch to the mile and then copper plates were prepared for printing.  The Draft Surveyors maps for the whole of Wales are now available online and they form an important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names as they bridge the time frame between the late 18th century and the mid-19th century when the Ordnance Survey produced their first One-Inch maps, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that uses the name of Brynamlwg Bank, with it being listed as Banc Bryn Amlwg. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors Map

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map.  The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that places the land incorporating Allt y Maestir taking in the forested section of this hill and not where LIDAR places the summit of the hill. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Banc Bryn Amlwg, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey Draft Surveyors Map, with the land incorporating Allt y Maestir substantiated from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Banc Bryn Amlwg

Previously Listed Name:  Allt Maestir   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  277.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 54729 50489 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  175.65m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 52826 53160 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  102.0m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  36.74% (LIDAR)

 


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