Myrddyn Phillips - Mapping Mountains: Cae Eithin

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Thursday, 1 August 2024

Mapping Mountains – Significant Name Changes – The Welsh P15s

Cae Eithin (SO 096 286)

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in The Welsh P15s, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Cae Eithin (SO 096 286)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:The Welsh P15s – Welsh hills with 15m minimum drop, irrespective of their height, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Welsh Sub-P15s, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills with 14m or more and below 15m of drop. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips, with the Introduction to the list appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 10^th May 2019.

The Welsh P15s by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Epynt group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the A470 road farther to its west and the A40 road farther to its south, and has the town of Aberhonddu (Brecon) towards the west.

When the listing that became known as The Welsh P15s was being compiled, this hill was listed under the point (Pt. 278m) notation and included in the main list of P15s with an estimated c 16m of drop, based on the 278m summit spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated c 262m bwlch height, based on interpolation of 10m contouring between 260m – 270m.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map. The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act. This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods. The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land. This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales.

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 412 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land. The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae Eithin in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanhamlach and in the county named as Brecon.

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in The Welsh P15s is Cae Eithin and this was derived from the Tithe map.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Epynt

Name: Cae Eithin

Previously Listed Name: Pt. 278m

OS 1:50,000 map: 161

Summit Height: 278.6m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SO 09665 28664 & SO 09667 28664 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 262.1m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SO 09165 28809 (LIDAR)

Drop: 16.5m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2024)

Thursday, 25 July 2024

Mapping Mountains – Summit Relocations – The Welsh P15s

Cae Eithin (SO 096 286)

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the The Welsh P15s, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Cae Eithin (SO 096 286)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

The Welsh P15s – Welsh hills with 15m minimum drop, irrespective of their height, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Welsh Sub-P15s, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills with 14m or more and below 15m of drop. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips, with the Introduction to the list appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 10^th May 2019.

The Welsh P15s by Myrddyn Phillips

The name the hill is now listed by is Cae Eithin and this was derived from the Tithe map, and it is adjoined to the Mynydd Epynt group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the A470 road farther to its west and the A40 road farther to its south, and has the town of Aberhonddu (Brecon) towards the west.

When the listing that became known as The Welsh P15s was being compiled, this hill was listed with an estimated c 16m of drop, based on the 278m summit spot height that is positioned at SO 09686 28687 and which appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated c 262m bwlch height, based on interpolation of 10m contouring between 260m – 270m.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 278.9m positioned at SO 09665 28680. However, this is to the top of a raised field boundary and protocols dictate that as this is deemed a relatively recent man-made construct such ground is discounted from the height of a hill.

LIDAR summit image of Cae Eithin (SO 096 286)

The height produced by LIDAR analysis to the natural summit of this hill is 278.6m and is positioned at SO 09665 28664 and SO 09667 28664, and this comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies when the high point of the hill is found to be positioned; in a different field, to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, to a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is judged to be a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 278.6m and is positioned at SO 09665 28664 and SO 09667 28664, this position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 23 metres south south-westward from where the spot height appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and importatly also positioned in a different field, and approximately 16 metres southward from the high point of the raised field boundary.