Bwlchwernen Fach (SN 606 556)
There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.
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| LIDAR image of Bwlchwernen Fach (SN 606 556) |
The criteria for the list that this name change
applies to are:
200m Twmpau
– Welsh hills at or above
200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m
Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or
above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop,
with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward.
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| The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips |
The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of
hills, which are situated in the western
part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north
and west, and the A485 road to its south-east, and has the village of
Llanddewibrefi towards the east.
When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not
included in the accompanying Hills to be
surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used
for this sub category.
After the sub list was standardised, and
interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill
were re-evaluated and it was listed under the name of Allt Gelligarneddau,
which is a prominent name that appears to the north of the summit of this hill
on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map |
During my early hill
listing I paid little regard to name placement on the map, or the meaning of
names and to what feature the name was appropriately applied to. Therefore, I prioritised names for listing
purposes that I now understand are either inappropriate or where another name
is viewed as being more appropriate. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with
time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local
people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an
appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.
Since the original publication of the Welsh P30
lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made
available online. Some of these are
historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of
Scotland website. Whilst others were digitally
updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the
Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst
others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the
Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites.
The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance
Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series
of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map. The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for
name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey
1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that position the
name of Allt Gelligarneddau applicable to a wood to the north-east of the
summit of this hill. This is named land
associated with the farm of Gelligarneddau which is positioned at SN 608 554.
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| Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps |
As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land
the details for it were examined on the Tithe map. The
term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or
township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act. This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash
rather than goods. The Tithe maps gave
names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for
place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land. This enclosed land is usually based on a
field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and
especially so in Wales.
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| Extract from the Tithe map |
The enclosed land where the highest remaining
natural ground of this hill is situated is given the number 281 on the Tithe
map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these
apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well
as the name of the land. The land where
the summit of this hill is situated is named as a part of Bwlchwernen Fach in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llangybi and in the
county named as Cardigan.
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| Extract from the apportionments |
Therefore, the name this hill
is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is
Bwlchwernen Fach and
this was derived from the Tithe map.
The full details for the hill are:
Group: Mynydd Bach
Name: Bwlchwernen Fach
Previously Listed Name:
Allt Gelligarneddau
OS 1:50,000 map: 146
Summit Height: 256.35m (LIDAR)
Summit Grid Reference: SN 60699 55684 (LIDAR)
Bwlch Height: 230.7m (LIDAR)
Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 60598 55268 (LIDAR)
Drop: 25.7m (LIDAR)
Myrddyn Phillips
(January 2024)
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