Mapping Mountains – Significant Name Changes – 100m Twmpau

 

Tan Pen y Graig Fawr (SN 584 702) 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Tan Pen y Graig Fawr (SN 584 702)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-west, immediate south and north-east, and the B4576 road farther to its east, and has the village of Llangwyryfon towards the east north-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Cnwc y Barcud, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the North-East.

Cnwc y Barcud

170c

SN585703

135

213

Name from buildings to the North-East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a name of a farm and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1183 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Tan Pen y Graig Fawr in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanrhystud and in the county named as Cardigan. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Tan Pen y Graig Fawr, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Tan Pen y Graig Fawr

Previously Listed Name:  Cnwc y Barcud   

OS 1:50,000 map:  135

Summit Height:  177.2m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 58475 70282 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  144.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 59667 70471 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  33.3m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (January 2023)

 

 

 

 

 

Mapping Mountains – Hill Reclassifications – 100m Twmpau

Tan Pen y Graig Fawr (SN 584 702) – 100m Sub-Twmpau reclassified to 100m Twmpau

There has been confirmation of a reclassification to the list of 100m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Tan Pen y Graig Fawr (SN 584 702)

The criteria for the list that this reclassification applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The name the hill is now listed by is Tan Pen y Graig Fawr and this was derived from the Tithe map, and it is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its north-west, immediate south and north-east, and the B4576 road farther to its east, and has the village of Llangwyryfon towards the east north-east.

When the original 100m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was included in the Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for the main P30 category.

When the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-assessed and it was listed with an estimated c 28m of drop, based on an estimated c 174m summit height and an estimated c 146m bwlch height, with both heights based on interpolation of 10m contouring that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The details for this hill were re-assessed when the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map became available online.  This mapping had many spot heights not on other publicly available Ordnance Survey maps and for this hill it had a 177m summit spot height and a 145m bwlch spot height, resulting in the drop value of this hill being amended to 32m.

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

Therefore, the confirmation of the reclassification of this hill from 100m Sub-Twmpau status is due to LIDAR analysis, resulting in a 177.2m summit height and a 144.0m bwlch height, with these values giving this hill 33.3m of drop, which is sufficient for it to be classified as a 100m Twmpau. 

 

The full details for the hill are: 

Group:  Mynydd Bach 

Name:  Tan Pen y Graig Fawr 

OS 1:50,000 map:  135

Summit Height:  177.2m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 58475 70282 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  144.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 59667 70471 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  33.3m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (January 2023)