Mapping Mountains – Significant Name Changes – 200m Twmpau

Cae Gwar Tŷ (SN 656 640) 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data and LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cae Gwar Tŷ (SN 656 640)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A485 road to its west and south, and a minor road to its east, and has the town of Tregaron towards the south south-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Esgair-maen, which is a prominent name that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and relates to a farm and not necessarily the hill.

Esgair-maen

266m

SN655642

146

199

Trig pillar. Included by contour configuration

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose a prominent name that appears on contemporary Ordnance Survey maps and presume it that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 1426 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae Gwar Tŷ in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Caron and in the county named as Cardigan. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Cae Gwar Tŷ, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Cae Gwar Tŷ

Previously Listed Name:  Esgair-maen   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  266.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 65639 64049 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  c 232m (interpolation) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 64663 64467 (interpolation) 

Drop:  c 34m (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch) 

 

My thanks to Aled Williams for advice relating to the listed name of this hill

Myrddyn Phillips (December 2022)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

Mapping Mountains – Summit Relocations – 200m Twmpau

Cae Gwar Tŷ (SN 656 640) 

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from detail on contemporary maps produced from Ordnance Survey data and LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cae Gwar Tŷ (SN 656 640)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 200m Twmpau y Myrddyn Phillips

The name the hill is now listed by is Cae Gwar Tŷ and this was derived from the Tithe map, and it is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A485 road to its west and south, and a minor road to its east, and has the town of Tregaron towards the south south-east.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was listed with a summit height of 266m based on the spot height adjoined to a triangulation pillar positioned at SN 65517 64195 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

One of the mapping resources now available online is on the Magic Maps website which hosts an interactive map originated from Ordnance Survey data.  Until recently this mapping had many spot heights not on other publicly available maps and for this hill it had a 266m spot height positioned at SH 656 640. 

Extract from the interactive mapping hosted on the Magic Maps website

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

The height produced by LIDAR analysis to the summit of this hill is 266.1m positioned at SN 65639 64649, and this position comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies to when the high point is positioned in a different field, to a different feature such as a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 266.1m which is positioned at SN 65639 64649, this position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and is approximately 160 metres south-eastward from where the previously listed summit is positioned.  However, this position is in close proximity to where the 266m spot height appeared on the interactive mapping hosted on the Magic Maps website. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach 

Name:  Cae Gwar Tŷ 

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  266.1m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference (New Position):  SN 65639 64049 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  c 232m (interpolation) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 64663 64467 (interpolation) 

Drop:  c 34m (LIDAR summit and interpolated bwlch) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (December 2022)