Mapping Mountains – Significant Name Changes – 100m Twmpau

Ffynnon Fair (SN 541 469) 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 100m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Ffynnon Fair (SN 541 469)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A475 road to its north, the B4337 road to its west and the A485 road to its south, and has the town of Llanbedr Pont Steffan (Lampeter) towards the east north-east.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 100m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Pen Ffynnon-Fair, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South.

Pen Ffynnon-Fair

157m

SN542470

146

199

Name from buildings to the South

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 50 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as a part of Ffynnon Fair in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanbedr Pont Steffan and in the county named as Cardigan. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 100m Twmpau is Ffynnon Fair, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Bach

Name:  Ffynnon Fair

Previously Listed Name:  Pen Ffynnon-Fair   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  156.6m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 54187 46971 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  122.7m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 53901 47269 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  34.0m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (January 2023)

 

 

  

Mapping Mountains – Hill Reclassifications – 100m Twmpau

Ffynnon Fair (SN 541 469) – 100m Sub-Twmpau reclassified to 100m Twmpau

There has been confirmation of a reclassification to the list of 100m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Ffynnon Fair (SN 541 469)

The criteria for the list that this reclassification applies to are:

100m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 100m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 100m and below 200m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 100m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The name the hill is now listed by is Ffynnon Fair and this was derived from the Tithe map, and it is adjoined to the Mynydd Bach group of hills, which are situated in the western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with the A475 road to its north, the B4337 road to its west and the A485 road to its south, and has the town of Llanbedr Pont Steffan (Lampeter) towards the east north-east.

When the original 100m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was included in the Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for the main P30 category.

When the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-assessed and it was listed with an estimated c 31m of drop, based on the 157m summit spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated c 126m bwlch height based on interpolation of 10m contouring between 120m – 130m. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

The details for this hill were re-assessed when the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map became available online.  This mapping had many spot heights not on other publicly available Ordnance Survey maps and for this hill it had bwlch contouring between 120m – 125m , with interpolation giving the height of the bwlch as an estimated c 123m, resulting in the drop value of this hill being amended to an estimated c 34m.

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

Therefore, the confirmation of the reclassification of this hill from 100m Sub-Twmpau status is due to LIDAR analysis, , resulting in a 156.6m summit height and a 122.7m bwlch height, with these values giving this hill 34.0m of drop, which is sufficient for it to be classified as a 100m Twmpau. 

 

The full details for the hill are: 

Group:  Mynydd Bach 

Name:  Ffynnon Fair 

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  156.6m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 54187 46971 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  122.7m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 53901 47269 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  34.0m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (January 2023)