Myrddyn Phillips - Mapping Mountains: Mynydd Llanfynydd

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Tuesday, 26 September 2023

Mapping Mountains – Significant Name Changes – Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales

Mynydd Llanfynydd (SN 546 285)

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Mynydd Llanfynydd (SN 546 285)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales – Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Sub-Trichant, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop. The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the list and the renaming of it appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 13^th May 2017, and the Introduction to the Mapping Mountains publication of the list appearing on the 1^st January 2022.

Y Trichant - The 300m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Mallaen group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its west and east, and the B4310 road to its north-west, and has the village of Brechfa towards the north-west.

The hill appeared in the original 300m height band of Welsh P30 hills published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the transposed name of Parc, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the East.

Parc

325m

SN546286

146

186

Clem/Yeaman. Trig pillar. Name from buildings to the East.

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day. My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a farm and use it for that of the hill. This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map. The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act. This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods. The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land. This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales.

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 2072 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land. The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as allotment on Llanfynydd Mountain in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanfynydd and in the county named as Carmarthen.

Extract from the apportionments

The intricacies of language and prioritising one in favour of another for listing a hill is fraught with complication, with originating Cymraeg names being anglicised and also originating English names being cymricised, examples such as these are more common in border country and especially so for anglicised forms. There is no steadfast rule that fits all, but as a standard a name that has its origins in the Welsh language and where this is substantiated by either historic documentation and/or contemporary usage should be prioritised in favour of a contemporary anglicised or English version of the name. Likewise, if a name exists where an element of it is in English and if this name applies to a hill that is situated in a Welsh speaking part of Wales it is standard practice to use a full Welsh term for the name. It is also standard practice to use a Welsh name for a hill if another name exists that has originated in a different language.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales is Mynydd Llanfynydd and this was derived from the Tithe map with the prioritised language protocol being used.

The full details for the hill are:

Group: Mynydd Mallaen

Name: Mynydd Llanfynydd

Previously Listed Name: Parc

OS 1:50,000 map: 146

Summit Height: 325.6m (LIDAR)

Summit Grid Reference: SN 54561 28617 (LIDAR)

Bwlch Height: 245.05m (LIDAR)

Bwlch Grid Reference: SN 57145 30251 (LIDAR)

Drop: 80.5m (LIDAR)

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2023)

Friday, 22 September 2023

Mapping Mountains – Summit Relocations – Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales

Mynydd Llanfynydd (SN 545 286)

There has been a Summit Relocation to a hill that is listed in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips.

LIDAR image of Mynydd Llanfynydd (SN 545 286)

The criteria for the list that this summit relocation applies to are:

Y Trichant - The 300m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The name the hill is now listed by is Mynydd Llanfynydd and this was derived from the Tithe map, and it is adjoined to the Mynydd Mallaen group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with minor roads to its west and east, and the B4310 road to its north-west, and has the village of Brechfa towards the north-west.

When the original 300m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was included in the main P30 list with a summit height of 325m that appears as a spot height adjoined to a triangulation pillar positioned at SN 54623 28570 that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed. The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales.

LIDAR analysis gives the highest ground on this hill as 326.1m positioned at SN 54584 28615. However, this is a part of a raised field boundary and protocols dictate that as this is deemed a relatively recent man-made construct such ground is discounted from the height of a hill.

LIDAR summit image of Mynydd Llanfynydd (SN 545 286)

The height produced by LIDAR analysis to the natural summit of this hill is 325.6m positioned at SN 54561 28617, and this position in relation to the raised field boundary comes within the parameters of the Summit Relocations used within this page heading, these parameters are:

The term Summit Relocations applies when the high point of the hill is found to be positioned; in a different field, to a different feature such as in a conifer plantation, within a different map contour, to a different point where a number of potential summit positions are within close proximity, when natural ground or the natural and intact summit of a hill is confirmed compared to a higher point such as a raised field boundary or covered reservoir that is considered a relatively recent man-made construct, or a relocation of approximately 100 metres or more in distance from either the position of a map spot height or from where the summit of the hill was previously thought to exist.

Therefore, the summit height produced by LIDAR analysis is 325.6m and this is positioned at SN 54561 28617, this position is not given a spot height on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and the 1:25,000 Explorer map, and is approximately 23 metres eastward from where the high point of the raised field boundary is positioned and approximately 65 metres north-westward from where the triangulation pillar is positioned.