Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

 

200m Twmpau – Significant Name Changes

The 200m Twmpau (thirty welsh metre prominences and upward) are the Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have a minimum drop of 30m.  Accompanying the main P30 list is a sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau with the qualification to this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop.

The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips and the posts that have appeared on Mapping Mountains detailing the significant name changes to the main P30 list and the sub list appear below presented chronologically in receding order.

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Grug (SN 441 328) - 145th significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Grug

Summit Relocations post for Grug

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Grug (SN 441 328)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north and south-east, and the A485 road to its east, and has the town of Llandysul towards the north north-west.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this sub category.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and it was listed under the point (Pt. 266m) notation with 25m of drop, based on the 266m summit spot height positioned on a road at SN 44142 32904 that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 241m bwlch spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 2553 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Grug in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanfihangel-ar-arth and in the county named as Carmarthenshire. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Grug, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Grug

Previously Listed Name:  Pt. 266m   

OS 1:50,000 map:  146

Summit Height:  266.6m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 44127 32866 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  240.6m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 45100 33058 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  26.0m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (October 2024)

 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Allt Pen Bwlch (SN 295 389) - 144th significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Allt Pen Bwlch (SN 295 389)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Pencarreg group of hills, which are situated in the south-western part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned encircled by minor roads, with the A484 road farther to its north and the B4333 road farther to its east, and has the town of Castellnewydd Emlyn (Newcastle Emlyn) towards the north-east.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was included in the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list under the incomplete and transposed name of Bwl-y-foel, which is a prominent name that appears adjacent to the summit on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.

Bwl-y-foel

225c

SN296389

145

185

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose an incomplete name that appeared on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and use it for that of the hill.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 345 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Banc y Foel in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Cenarth and in the county named as Carmarthen. 

Extract from the apportionments

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local that was hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites, and it is the series of Ordnance Survey Six-Inch maps that form the basis of the change in the listed name of this hill.

The Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps formed the base map Ordnance Survey used for many decades leading to the production of the 1:10,000 Series of maps, both have now been superseded by the digitised Master Map.  The series of Six-Inch maps are excellent for name placement and especially so compared to the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map, and it is the series of Six-Inch maps that position the name of Allt Pen Bwlch adjacent to the summit of this hill.

Extract from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Allt Pen Bwlch and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey series of Six-Inch maps.  With the caveat that the complete name of Bwlch y Foel appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and the name of Banc y Foel appears on the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Pencarreg

Name:  Allt Pen Bwlch

Previously Listed Name:  Bwl-y-foel   

OS 1:50,000 map:  145

Summit Height:  225.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 29545 38920 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  200.4m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 29786 38865 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  25.3m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Cae Tŷ Coch (SO 095 413) - 143rd significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Cae Tŷ Coch

Summit Relocations post for Cae Tŷ Coch

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cae Tŷ Coch (SO 095 413)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Epynt group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its west and south-east, and the A470 road to its north-east, and has the small community of Erwyd (Erwood) towards the north.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this sub category.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and it was listed under the point (Pt. 282m) notation with an estimated c 20m of drop, based on the 282m summit spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger and 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated c 262m bwlch height, based on interpolation of 10m contouring between 260m – 270m. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 757 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cae Tŷ Coch in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Crucadarn and in the county named as Brecon. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Cae Tŷ Coch, and this was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Epynt

Name:  Cae Tŷ Coch

Previously Listed Name:  Pt. 282m   

OS 1:50,000 map:  161

Summit Height:  282.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SO 09549 41332 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  260.65m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SO 09124 41273 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  22.0m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (September 2024) 

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Pt. 277.7m (SO 106 406) - 142nd significant name change

Hill Reclassifications post for Pt. 277.7m

Significant Height Revisions post for Pt. 277.7m

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Pt. 277.7m (SO 106 406)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Mynydd Epynt group of hills, which are situated in the central part of South Wales (Region B, Sub-Region B1), and it is positioned with a minor road to its west and the A470 road to its east, and has the small community of Erwyd (Erwood) towards the north north-west.

When the original 200m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, this hill was not included in the accompanying Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this sub category.

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and it was listed under the name of Cefn Gafros Common with an estimated c 18m of drop, based on the 275m summit spot height that appears on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and an estimated c 257m bwlch height, based on interpolation of 10m contouring between 250m – 260m. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance use a prominent name that appeared close to the summit of the hill on the contemporary Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found.

However, on occasion even when research is conducted an appropriate name for the hill may not be found, and on such occasions the listing protocol is to use the point (Pt. 277.7m) notation, and for this hill this is such an example with the name of the Common applicable to land that does not take in the summit of this hill.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau is Pt. 277.7m, and this is being used as the author has not found an appropriate name for the hill either through historic research and/or local enquiry. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Mynydd Epynt

Name:  Pt. 277.7m

Previously Listed Name:  Cefn Gafros Common   

OS 1:50,000 map:  148, 161

Summit Height:  277.7m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SO 10666 40689 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  255.1m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SO 10264 40290 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  22.6m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2024)

Mapping Mountains - Significant Name Changes - 200m Twmpau

Pen y Castell (SJ 117 095) - 141st significant name change

 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop, dominance and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Pen y Castell (SJ 117 095)

The criteria for the two listings that this name change applies to are:

200m Twmpau - Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 200m Sub-Twmpau, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 200m and below 300m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

200m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales – Welsh P30 hills whose prominence equal or exceed half that of their absolute height.  With the criteria for Lesser Dominant status being those additional Welsh P30 hills whose prominence is between one third and half that of their absolute height.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips with the Introduction to the start of the Mapping Mountains publication of this list appearing on the 3^rd December 2015, and the list is now available in its entirety on Mapping Mountains in Google Doc format. 

Y Trechol - The Dominant Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Esgeiriau Gwynion group of hills, which are situated in the southern part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A3), and it is positioned with a minor road to its north, the B4382 road to its south-west, the B4389 road to its east and the A495 road farther to its north, and has the town of Llanfair Caereinion towards the south south-west.

The hill appeared in the original Welsh 200m P30 list on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website, under the invented and transposed name of Bryn Pentre-uchaf, with an accompanying note stating; Name from buildings to the South.

Bryn Pentre-uchaf

207m

SJ117096

125

215/239

Name from buildings to the South

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

Since the original publication of the Welsh P30 lists on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website there have been a number of maps made available online.  Some of these are historic such as the series of Six-Inch maps on the National Library of Scotland website.  Whilst others were digitally updated such as the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map, whilst others are current and digitally updated such as the interactive mapping on the Magic Maps and WalkLakes websites.  One of the historic maps now available is the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map and it is this map that formed the basis for the change in the listed name of this hill. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch 'Old Series' map

The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map was the first map that Ordnance Survey produced, and their publication culminated from the whole of Britain being surveyed between 1791 and 1874 and the detail gathered therein produced at a scale of one inch to the mile and published in sheet format between 1805 and 1874.  The One-Inch ‘Old Series’ maps for the whole of Wales are now available online; they are also available in map format as enlarged and re-projected versions to match the scale and dimensions of the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger series and are published by Cassini.  This series of maps form another important part in the study of Welsh upland place-names and bridge the timeframe leading up to the production of the Ordnance Survey base map of the Six-Inch series, and importantly for this hill and its listed name, it is this map that places the name of Pen y Castell close to the summit of the hill.

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 200m Twmpau and Y Trechol – The Dominant Hills of Wales is Pen y Castell, and this was derived from the Ordnance Survey One-Inch ‘Old Series’ map. 

 

The full details for the hill are:

Group:  Esgeiriau Gwynion

Name:  Pen y Castell

Previously Listed Name:  Bryn Pentre-uchaf 

OS 1:50,000 map:  125

Summit Height:  206.75m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SJ 11735 09568 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  136.2m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SJ 11431 09469 & SJ 11424 09475 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  70.5m (LIDAR) 

Dominance:  34.11% (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (August 2024)