Monday 31 May 2021

Mapping Mountains – Hill Reclassifications – The Welsh P15s

 

Parc y Ffynnon (SH 634 808) – Welsh Sub-P15 reclassified to Welsh P15

There has been a reclassification to the list of The Welsh P15s, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Parc y Ffynnon (SH 634 808)

The criteria for the list that this reclassification applies to are: 

The Welsh P15s – Welsh hills with 15m minimum drop, irrespective of their height, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Welsh Sub-P15s, with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills with 14m or more and below 15m of drop.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips, with the Introduction to the list appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 10th May 2019. 

The Welsh P15s by Myrddyn Phillips

The name the hill is listed by is Parc y Ffynnon and it is adjoined to the Ynys Môn group of hills, which are situated in the north-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A1), and it is positioned with the coast to its north, south and east and a minor road to its immediate west, and has the village of Llangoed towards the south-west. 

When the listing that became known as The Welsh P15s was being compiled, this hill was included in the P14 sub list with 14m of drop, based on the 59m summit spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 44m bwlch spot height that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

However, it was not until LIDAR became available that the details for this hill could be accurately re-assessed.  The LIDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) technique produced highly accurate height data that is now freely available for much of England and Wales. 

Therefore, the reclassification of this hill from Welsh Sub-P15 status is due to LIDAR analysis, resulting in a 60.6m summit height and a 44.8m bwlch height, with these values giving this hill 15.8m of drop, which is sufficient for it to be included in the main list of The Welsh P15s. 

 

The full details for the hill are: 

Group:  Ynys Môn 

Name:  Parc y Ffynnon 

OS 1:50,000 map:  114, 115

Summit Height:  60.6m (LIDAR)                                                           

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 63430 80880 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  44.8m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 63199 81029 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  15.8m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (May 2021)

 

 

 

Mapping Mountains – Trimble Surveys – Arenig

 

02.04.21  Pt. 522.7m (SH 744 433), Pt. 516.0m (SH 742 433), Y Garnedd (SH 741 431) and Carreg y Foel Gron (SH 744 427) 

Carreg y Foel Gron (SH 744 427)

Between the lockdowns imposed last year, Aled and I surveyed a number of hills around and including Graig Goch (SH 751 447).  This hill is impressive with its westerly facing crags always a delight to view.  The day proved wonderful with clear blue skies, albeit chilled for much of the day. 

To the south of Graig Goch lies Y Garnedd, these two hills can be easily combined but surveying necessitates an inordinate amount of time spent concentrating on one patch of land, therefore when visiting Graig Goch it was this hill that we concentrated our efforts on and the survey of Y Garnedd would have to wait for another day.  That materialised today and conditions were remarkably similar to our outing on Graig Goch; with clear blue skies but with a chilled easterly breeze. 

I met Aled in the parking area beside Llyn Dubach and we soon had the second car parked at the end of the fisherman’s track, which enabled us to also survey the connecting bwlch between Y Garnedd and Graig Goch. 

The route to this bwlch is simple but can be rather boggy.  We found the critical point of the bwlch positioned beside a stone wall below an imposing lump of rock.  As the Trimble gathered its allotted data we caught up with all manner of things, mainly hill related, but as ever it was good to chat.  Email contact or zoom meetings for those inclined, was a means to keep in contact during the various Covid lockdowns, but nothing betters face to face contact. 

Heading toward the bwlch of Y Garnedd

Between this bwlch and the summit of Y Garnedd are two lower prominence hills that we wanted to survey.  I’d surveyed each with my basic levelling staff in September 2004, now we had the opportunity to produce far better data and determine an accurate drop value for each. 

Pt. 522.7m (SH 744 433)

The first of these hills is given a 522m summit spot height on the Magic Maps website and its high point was easy to identify and consists of rock.  As the Trimble quietly beeped away I scribbled all necessary details in my notebook and after the allotted data were gathered and stored, I closed the equipment down and joined Aled as we sauntered the short distance down to its connecting bwlch. 

Gathering data at the summit of Pt. 522.7m

Gathering data at the bwlch of Pt. 522.7m

Prior to our visit Aled had assessed the details for these hills using 5m contouring and produced interpolated ten figure grid references for each bwlch position, these proved a good indicator for where these critical points lay and once there we then assessed the lay of land by eye.  The critical bwlch for this first hill was positioned amongst moor grass close to an unsavoury pool of stagnant water, which I plunged a boot in to when trying to step across it. 

Pt. 516.0m (SH 742 433) 

It was only a short distance to the second of these two lower prominence hills and we found its connecting bwlch to be positioned on an attractive flat rocky rib, and within a few minutes the Trimble was set up gathering data. 

Gathering data at the bwlch of Pt. 516.0m

Gathering data at the summit of Pt. 516.0m

The summit of this second hill has a wonderful viewpoint with the crags of Graig Goch and the dappled blue waters of Llynnau Gamallt on grand display, whilst the bulk of Y Garnedd rose to our south with its westerly facing cliff looking impressive. 

Y Garnedd

Whilst summit data were gathered I sat with Aled and enjoyed a couple of sandwiches, it was good to be here.  The hills are wonderful places, they can be investigated on solo expeditions or in company, they give individual as well as shared experience and today these hills were an ideal place to catch up after many months of lockdown and enjoy their surroundings. 

Heading up Y Garnedd

Once the Trimble was packed away I followed Aled up the steep grassed and broken ground beside the edge of the westerly cliff of Y Garnedd, stopping occasionally to look back toward Graig Goch.  What a place to be, with the higher Eryri peaks dominating the extended view and unadulterated blue sky stretching in all directions. 

Graig Goch and Llynnau Gamallt

Graig Goch

The high point of Y Garnedd is beside the lower of two cairns and once the Trimble was set up gathering data I joined Aled in the near wind shelter and waited for data to be stored.  During this we heard the rumbling of a vehicle; it sounded similar to a quad bike but once the allotted data were gathered and stored and the Trimble closed down, a 4x4 vehicle suddenly emerged making its way toward us.  This was a surprise to say the least; I’d rarely seen such a vehicle so high on a Welsh hill before. 

Gathering data at the summit of Y Garnedd

I scampered the few metres to say hi to the driver and he pulled up straight next to the summit.  We spent about ten minutes chatting with Tom Ashman and his friend, they’d come from Penmachno and Tom said that he’d driven to this summit a few times before.  I took a number of photos as the vehicle looked so unusual parked beside the summit. 

An unexpected visitor

We left Tom and his friend at the top of the hill and followed the vehicle track down toward the access track that makes its way to the disused Foel Gron Quarry; this gave us our onward route to the last summit and survey of the walk. 

Carreg y Foel Gron is an unusual hill as its connecting bwlch with Y Garnedd is relatively flat.  The flat part of this bwlch is due to waste spoil from the old quarry and therefore is not natural.  The natural bwlch is now buried under who knows how many metres of waste spoil.  Dotted across the bwlch are large boulders, a single one being prominent whilst others are grouped together. 

Approaching Carreg y Foel Gron

As the summit of this hill is given a small uppermost 500m ring contour and bwlch contouring between 470m – 480m on contemporary Ordnance Surveys maps it was a candidate for Dewey status many years ago.  Therefore, armed with my old basic levelling staff I surveyed this hill for drop, resulting in a value of 86ft / 26.2m.  This was in June 2000; and in April 2008 John Barnard and Graham Jackson line surveyed this hill, resulting in 26.52m of drop.  These measurements were taken from the flat bedded connecting bwlch and not natural ground at its base; however John and Graham also took measurements from this area and proved that the drop value for the hill cannot exceed 29.4m.  Today we wanted to give the hill an accurate summit height. 

Aled arrived at the summit first and directed me to where the Trimble should be positioned.  It was soon set up gathering its all-important data; during this we sat, rested, chatted and enjoyed the view.  Once the Trimble was packed away we retraced our inward route back to the bwlch and continued down the old quarry track to the paved road and my awaiting car parked beside Llyn Dubach. 

The Trimble set-up position at the summit of Carreg y Foel Gron

I then drove the short distance up the road and then the rutted fisherman’s track to collect Aled’s car.  Leaving Aled to get his walking boots off, I waved my goodbye’s and headed east for another small walk taking in Garth Goch (SH 952 357) and Garth Rhiwaedog (SH 950 349) which are positioned to the east of Y Bala.

 

Survey Result: 

 

Pt. 522.7m

Summit Height:  522.7m (converted to OSGM15)

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 74459 43396 

Bwlch Height:  508.8m (converted to OSGM15)

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 74498 43304

Drop:  13.9m

Dominance: 2.66%


 

 

Pt. 516.0m

Summit Height:  516.0m (converted to OSGM15)

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 74296 43367 

Bwlch Height:  504.4m (converted to OSGM15)

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 74371 43318

Drop:  11.6m

Dominance: 2.24%


 

 

Y Garnedd

Summit Height:  552.9m (converted to OSGM15)

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 74199 43111 

Bwlch Height:  475.2m (converted to OSGM15)

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 74780 43642

Drop:  77.6m

Dominance:  14.04%


 

 

Carreg y Foel Gron

Summit Height:  500.7m (converted to OSGM15, Trimble GeoXH 6000)

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 74464 42764 (Trimble GeoXH 6000) 

Bwlch Height:  471.3m (relative to Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit and line survey drop)

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 74591 42833 (hand-held GPS via survey)

Drop:  29.4m (line survey with natural bwlch under landfill)

Dominance: 5.87% (Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit and line survey drop) 

 

 

 

For further details please consult the Trimble Survey Spreadsheet

 

Sunday 30 May 2021

Mapping Mountains – Significant Name Changes – 30-99m Twmpau


Cafnan (SH 347 929) 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the 30-99m Twmpau, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

LIDAR image of Cafnan (SH 347 929)

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are: 

30-99m Twmpau – Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the 30-99m Sub-Twmpau with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 30m and below 100m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop, with the word Twmpau being an acronym standing for thirty welsh metre prominences and upward. 

The 30-99m Twmpau by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Ynys Môn group of hills, which are situated in the north-western part of North Wales (Region A, Sub-Region A1), and it is positioned with the coast to its north, minor roads to its north and south-west and the A5025 road to its south-east, and has the village of Cemaes towards the east. 

When the original 30-99m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website this hill was not included in the Hills to be surveyed sub list, as it was considered not to meet the criteria then used for this sub category. 

After the sub list was standardised, and interpolated heights and drop values also included the details for this hill were re-evaluated and it was listed under the point (Pt. 42m) notation with 23m of drop based on the 42m summit spot height that appears on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map and the 19m bwlch spot height positioned at SH 34895 93133 that appeared on the Ordnance Survey Vector Map Local hosted on the Geograph website and which was entitled the Interactive Coverage Map. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

Extract from the Tithe map

The enclosed land where the summit of this hill is situated is given the number 10 on the Tithe map, this can be cross referenced against the apportionments; it is these apportionments that give the name of the owner or occupier of the land as well as the name of the land.  The land where the summit of this hill is situated is named as Cafnan in the apportionments, with the details on the Tithe map appearing in the parish of Llanfechell and in the county named as Anglesey. 

Extract from the apportionments

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the 30-99m Twmpau is Cafnan and this name was derived from the Tithe map. 

 

The full details for the hill are: 

Group:  Ynys Môn 

Name:  Cafnan

Previously Listed Name:  Pt. 42m 

OS 1:50,000 map:  114

Summit Height:  41.8m (LIDAR) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SH 34714 92915 (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Height:  21.1m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SH 34936 92892 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  20.7m (LIDAR) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (May 2021)

 

 

 

  

Mapping Mountains – Significant Name Changes – Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales


Banc Cwmnewydion (SN 718 749) 

There has been a Significant Name Change to a hill that is listed in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales, with the summit height, bwlch height and their locations, the drop and status of the hill derived from LIDAR analysis and a subsequent Trimble GeoXH 6000 survey conducted by Myrddyn Phillips. 

Banc Cwmnewydion (SN 718 749)

Although the name of this hill remains as first listed, this was based on invention which has fortunately been substantiated by an early edition Ordnance Survey map available via the website hosting the Tithe maps; therefore as the name of this hill has been substantiated the details for it are worth documenting under the Significant Name Changes heading. 

The criteria for the list that this name change applies to are: 

Y Trichant The 300m Hills of Wales.  Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height that have 30m minimum drop, with an accompanying sub list entitled the Sub-Trichant with the criteria for this sub category being all Welsh hills at or above 300m and below 400m in height with 20m or more and below 30m of drop.  The list is authored by Myrddyn Phillips, with the Introduction to the list and the renaming of it appearing on Mapping Mountains on the 13th May 2017. 

Y Trichant - The 300m Hills of Wales by Myrddyn Phillips

The hill is adjoined to the Elenydd group of hills which are situated in the central part of the Mid and West Wales Region (Region B, Sub-Region B2), and it is encircled by minor roads with farther afield the A4120 road to its north and the B4343 road to its east, and has the village of Pontarfynach (Devil’s Bridge) towards the north-east. 

When the original 300m height band of Welsh P30 hills were published on Geoff Crowder’s v-g.me website this hill was listed with what was then an invented and transposed name of Banc Cwmnewydion, with an accompanying note stating; Name from stream to the South.


Banc Cwmnewydion344mSN718749135/147213Name from stream to the South

 

During my early hill listing I thought it appropriate to either invent a name for a hill, or use a name that appeared near to the summit of the hill on Ordnance Survey maps of the day.  My preference was to use farm names and put Pen, Bryn or Moel in front of them or as in this instance transpose the name of a near stream and prefix it with the word Banc.  This is not a practice that I now advocate as with time and inclination place-name data can be improved either by asking local people or by examining historic documents, through this form of research an appropriate name for the hill can usually be found. 

Extract from the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map

As the summit of this hill comprises bounded land the details for it were examined on the Tithe map.  The term Tithe map is generally given to a map of a Welsh or English parish or township and which was prepared after the 1836 Tithe Commutation Act.  This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods.  The Tithe maps gave names of owners and occupiers of land in each parish and importantly for place-name research they also included the name of enclosed land.  This enclosed land is usually based on a field system, however not every field is given a name, but many are and especially so in Wales. 

The Website hosting the Tithe maps also has projections of other maps including an early edition Ordnance Survey map and an Ordnance Survey Six-Inch map, and importantly is it the former that names the land taking in this hill as Banc Cwmnewydion. 

Extract from an early edition Ordnance Survey map

Therefore, the name this hill is now listed by in the Y Trichant – The 300m Hills of Wales is Banc Cwmnewydion and this was derived from an early edition Ordnance Survey map. 

 

The full details for the hill are: 

Group:  Elenydd 

Name:  Banc Cwmnewydion 

Previously Listed Name:  Banc Cwmnewydion 

OS 1:50,000 map:  135, 147

Summit Height:  343.3 (converted to OSGM15, Trimble GeoXH 6000) 

Summit Grid Reference:  SN 71839 74977 (Trimble GeoXH 6000) 

Bwlch Height:  306.0m (LIDAR) 

Bwlch Grid Reference:  SN 71791 76371 (LIDAR) 

Drop:  37.3m (Trimble GeoXH 6000 summit and LIDAR bwlch) 

 

Myrddyn Phillips (May 2021)